Table 1.

Description of genes

		Gene	Function	References
Cytokines & chemokines		IL-12 p35	Together with p40 forms the cytokine IL-12 involved in Th1 polarization	[4,22]
		IL-12 p40	Together with p35 forms the cytokine IL-12 involved in Th1 polarization	[4,22]
		IL-23 p19	Together with p40 forms cytokine IL-23 in DCs which augments Th1 and Th17 responses	[26,32,36]
		TNF-α	General pro-inflammatory cytokine mediating local inflammation. Its expression is dependent on NF-kβ signalling	[17]
		CXCL-10 (IP-10)	Chemotactic factor for T cells. Its expression is dependent on the IFN-responsive gene pathway	[35,45]
		CCL22	Chemokine involved in recruitment of Th2 effector cells	[27]
		TGF-β	Cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties, by inhibiting activity and function of both T cells and DCs	[34,42]
		IL-10	Cytokine that potently suppresses immune responses and in particular DCs and T cell responses, by downregulating pro-inflammatory effectors	[34,37]
Toll like receptor signalling		TLR2	Receptor of innate immunity for recognition of mainly lipid containing compounds	[19,43]
		TLR4	Receptor of innate immunity for recognition of LPS	[19,43]
		MyD88	Proximal, most common adaptor of TLR signalling, shared by all TLR except TLR3	[24,43]
		NOD2	Intracellular peptidoglycan receptor implicated in activation of NF-kB but also in inhibition of TLR2 signalling	[31,38,44]
		TRIF (TICAM1)	TLR3 and TLR4 specific adaptor which mediates the MyD88-independent pathway preferentially leading to induction of IFN-responsive genes	[30,46]
		Tollip	Inhibitor of IRAK activity and thereby TLR signalling	[48]
		SOCS-1	Inhibitor of LPS-TLR4 signalling pathway as well as TLR induced JAK/STAT signalling. Potential negative regulator of Th1 responses	[20,47]
		SOCS-3	Inhibitor of JAK/STAT signalling but also positive regulator of APC function by suppression of STAT3, which normally inhibits TLR signalling.	[20,47]
Modulators of T cell activation & polarization	Intracellular	DUSP2	Phosphatase modulating MAP kinase signalling balance	[33]
		IDO	Enzyme that catabolizes tryptophan to kynurenines, which are able to induce T cell apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation. Expression induced by IFN-γ	[28]
		c-Fos	Transcription factor activated by MAP kinases which induces IL-10 production and is involved in DC mediated Th2/anti-inflammatory responses	[15,18]
	Membrane bound	PD-L1 (B7-H1)	Costimulatory molecule and ligand for PD-1 on T-cells. It has inhibitory function in T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Might be stimulatory for Th2 response	[25,29,40]
		PD-L2 (B7-DC)	Costimulatory molecule and ligand for PD-1 on T-cells. Reported to have synergic activity with other costimulatory molecules as well as inhibitory activity on T cell activation	[25,29,40]
		LIR-7 (ILT-1)	Receptor with unknown ligand(s) with possible immune suppressive properties, but also implicated in immune activation	[23,41]
		Jagged-2	Ligand for notch-receptor on T cells; influences T cell skewing	[21]
		Delta-4	Ligand for notch-receptor on T cells; influences T cell skewing	[21,39]
		Delta-1	Ligand for notch-receptor on T cells; influences T cell skewing	[21]