. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Apr 24.

Published in final edited form as: J Aging Health. 2008 Jan 11;20(2):143–158. doi: 10.1177/0898264307310449

Table 4.

Estimates of Crude and Partial Fixed Effects on Diehr-Transformed Self-Rated Health Trajectories With the Square Root of Wave Included as Both a Fixed and a Random Effect (weighted participant N = 993; segment N = 4,467)

	Crude Effects^a			Partial Effects^b
Baseline Variable	Estimate	95% C.I.	p value	Estimate	95% C.I.	p value
Square root of wave (i.e., 1.0, 1.4, 1.7, 2.0, 2.2)	1.15	−0.22, 2.51	.098	0.26	−1.29, 1.80	.742
Age (coded in years)	−0.45	−0.79, −0.12	.008	0.06	−0.19, 0.32	.637
Men	0.21	−2.85, 3.26	.895	−1.77	−4.05, 0.51	.127
Less than $20,000 income	−15.59	−18.52, −12.65	< .001	−3.10	−5.61, −0.59	.015
Self-rated poor neighborhood quality	−7.93	−11.17, −4.69	< .001	−3.30	−5.77, −0.83	.009
Current smoker	−6.24	−9.38, −3.11	< .001	−3.90	−6.29, −1.51	.001
Angina	−19.38	−24.83, −13.92	< .001	−6.37	−10.67, −2.08	.004
Congestive heart failure	−27.41	−33.81, −21.01	< .001	−10.75	−15.88, −5.63	< .001
Diabetes	−16.72	−20.12, −13.32	< .001	−13.03	−18.75, −7.32	< .001
Hypertension	−13.59	−16.56, −10.63	< .001	−5.95	−8.31, −3.58	< .001
CES-D threshold met	−21.01	−24.25, −17.76	< .001	−8.60	−11.40, −5.81	< .001
MMSE score (0–30)	1.96	1.42, 2.49	< .001	0.43	−0.00, 0.86	.051
Lower extremity disability (0–9)	−4.82	−5.25, −4.39	< .001	−2.94	−3.39, −2.50	< .001
Self-rated poor vision	−20.99	−24.42, −17.56	< .001	−8.18	−11.06, −5.30	< .001
Self-rated poor hearing	−16.51	−20.66, −12.35	< .001	−5.29	−8.54, −2.05	.001
Interaction of square root of wave with diabetes	2.93	−0.27, 6.12	.072	3.07	−0.10, 6.23	.058

Note: C.I. = confidence interval; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (Kohout, Berkman, & Evans, 1993); MMSE = Mini-Mental Status Examination (Molloy, Alemayehu, & Roberts, 1991).

Crude effect estimates were obtained from a series of models in which each independent variable (i.e., row) was individually included along with wave as both a fixed and a random effect (except for the model for the interaction term, which also included the main effect of diabetes).

Adjusted effect estimates were obtained from a model including all of the independent variables as fixed effects along with the inclusion of wave and the intercept as random effects. Approximate Wald tests indicated that both the random intercept and random wave effects were highly significant (p < .0001), indicating that their inclusion was essential to the proper specification of the model.