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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jun 2.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroscience. 2009 Mar 9;160(4):837–846. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.063

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The effects of galanin injection (icv) on cFos immunoreactivity in the LC (a) and the PVN (b) of restraint-stressed mice. Mice were injected vehicle or galanin (3 or 30 nmol, icv), kept in individual home cages for 60 min and then given the restraint stress for 40 min, followed by the perfusion of brain samples which were later immunostained for cFos. In the LC, galanin 30 nmol injection significantly increased cFos immunoreactivity (* p < 0.05 vs. Vehicle). There were no significant differences of cFos activation in the PVN between vehicle- and galanin-injected groups. The data represents means ± SEM (n ≥ 6). The levels of cFos activation are shown relative to each vehicle-treated group that is set as 100 %.