Representative QPCR experiments demonstrating differential expression of hic-5 by CD14+ monocytes ex vivo under four conditions (panel A): frail, LPS (+)—monocytes from a frail participant with LPS-challenge; nonfrail, LPS (+)—monocytes from the paired nonfrail control with LPS-challenge; frail, LPS (−) and nonfrail, LPS (−)—monocytes from frail or paired nonfrail participant without LPS-challenge, respectively. Expression of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a house-keeping gene, under these conditions is shown in panel B as the control.