Table 2.

Model material properties, where ρ is mass density, c is specific heat, k is thermal conductivity, and σ is electrical conductivity. All values represent properties at 37 °C.

Element	Material	ρ (kg∕m3)	c [J∕(kg K)]	k [W∕(m K)]	σ (S∕m)	Latent heat of vaporization (J∕kg)
Electrode	Stainless steel	21 500	132	71	4×107	NA
Shaft	Polyurethane	70	1045	0.03	1×10−5	NA
Tissue	Liver	1060	3500	0.51	0.36	2.25×106