Table 1.
Sample characteristics for mothers and infants
| Means±(SD) and No.(%) (N=123) | |
|---|---|
| Maternal education | |
| No exam passed | 4(3.3) |
| GCSE or equivalent | 14(11.4) |
| A levels or equivalent | 18(14.6) |
| Diploma or equivalent | 23(18.7) |
| University degree | 41(33.3) |
| Postgraduate degree | 23(18.7) |
| Parity | 0.89±0.88 |
| Nulliparous | 49(39.8) |
| 1 previous child | 45(36.6) |
| 2 previous children | 23(18.7) |
| 3 previous children | 6(4.9) |
| Racial background | |
| White Caucasian | 102(82.9) |
| Asian - Indian/Sub-continent | 8(6.5) |
| Black | 10(8.1) |
| Middle-eastern | 3(2.4) |
| Smoking during pregnancy | 0.29±1.84 |
| 0 cigarettes/day | 110(89.4) |
| 1-2 cigarettes/day | 12(8.8) |
| >2 cigarettes/day | 1(0.8) |
| Alcohol during pregnancy | 0.54±1.54 |
| 0 units/week | 85(69.1) |
| 1-2 units/week | 33(26.8) |
| 2 units/week | 5(4.1) |
| Prescription drugs in pregnancy | |
| None | 106(86.2) |
| SSRIs | 1(0.8) |
| Anti-hypertensive | 2(1.6) |
| Anti-asthmatic | 8(6.5) |
| Steroids | 1(0.8) |
| Other | 3(2.4) |
| Unknown | 2(1.6) |
| Maternal age | 36.55±4.12 |
| range: 25.00-45.00 | |
| Maternal STAI trait (postnatal) | 37.90±10.15 |
| Postnatal depression (postnatal) | 8.33±4.61 |
| Method of delivery | |
| Normal vaginal delivery | 62(50.4) |
| Assisted vaginal delivery | 18(14.6) |
| Elective caesarean | 19(15.4) |
| Emergency caesarean | 15(12.2) |
| Unrecorded | 9(7.3) |
| Child age (months) | 16.76±1.41 |
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 39.47±1.17 |
| Birth weight (grams) | 3490±480 |
| Child sex | |
| Female | 63(51.2) |
| Male | 60(48.8) |
| Attachment pattern | |
| A (Avoidant) | 17(13.8) |
| B (Secure) | 69(56.1) |
| C (Resistant) | 16(13.0) |
| D (Disorganized) | 20(16.3) |