Table 1.

Baseline study subject characteristics

	CR (n = 18)	EX (n = 18)	HL (n = 10)	p-value*
Sex (% female)	61%	67%	60%	0.92
Race (% white, black, other)	94/0/6	89/6/6	70/20/10	0.32
Age (year)	55.2 ± 3.4†	58.9 ± 2.7	56.0 ± 2.7†	0.002
Height (m)	1.71 ± 0.1	1.68 ± 0.1	1.71 ± 0.1	0.57

Age and height are mean ± standard deviation. EX, exercise group; CR, calorie restriction group; HL, healthy lifestyle group.

^*p-value compares groups using chi-squared test for sex, Fisher’s exact test for race, and analysis of variance for age and height.

^†p ≤ 0.05 vs. EX group using Tukey’s HSD test.