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. 2009 Apr 20;119(5):1189–1200. doi: 10.1172/JCI37284

Figure 1. In human airways, mucosal chili oil stimulates submucosal gland mucus secretion from control (HN and DC) but not CF subjects.

Figure 1

(A) Images of mucus bubbles formed under oil at the orifices of single submucosal glands in response to stimulation via mucosal chili oil. At 15 minutes, 2 μl of chili oil was added to the approximately 20–30 μl oil layer. No mucus secretion was seen during the 15-minute control period (left panel); the right panel shows the results 20 minutes later. Scale bar: 0.5 mm. (B) Summary data showing average secretion rates (± SD) for 20-minute periods, following application of chili oil. If basal secretion was present in the control period, it was subtracted from the rates shown. The secretion rate for CF glands was less than control glands (*P < 0.05 versus HN + DC).