Figure 1.

Phylogenetic relationships of the 21 lineages of dwarf chameleons based on mitochondrial 16S and ND2 sequences (see Stuart-Fox et al. 2007). Divergent lineages that are yet to be described are denoted as B. sp. followed by the locality. Terminal taxa showing chromatic facultative crypsis are shown as black branches, while white branches represent those that do not show facultative crypsis. Parsimony ancestral state reconstruction indicates that the ancestral character was an ability for facultative crypsis, and that this ability has been lost four times independently (shown by short vertical bars transecting relevant branches). Nodes with equivocal maximum-likelihood ancestral states are circled with proportional likelihood of exhibiting facultative crypsis shown.