Table 1.
Baseline Language Sample Measures For Young And Older Adults.
| Young Adults | Older Adults | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | F (1, 77) | p | prep | |
| Fluency | |||||||
| MLU | 13.9 | 4.3 | 12.3 | 4.6 | 4.048 | =.048 | .926 |
| % w/ fillers | 65.8 | 11.4 | 19.8 | 10.1 | 37.829 | <.001 | .999 |
| fillers/utterance | 3.1 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 20.486 | <.001 | .999 |
| % Grammatical | 64.0 | 11.1 | 62.1 | 15.3 | 0.438 | =.606 | .669 |
| WPM | 193 | 47 | 127 | 35 | 53.305 | <.001 | .999 |
| Grammatical Complexity | |||||||
| MCU | 2.4 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 51.914 | <.001 | .999 |
| DLevel | 3.9 | 1.3 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 4.534 | =.036 | .963 |
| Content | |||||||
| TTR | .51 | 0.1 | .58 | 0.1 | 5.093 | =.027 | .985 |
| PDensity | 4.8 | 1.0 | 5.2 | 0.4 | 3.483 | =.066 | .947 |
Note: MLU = mean length of utterance; fillers/utterance = number of fillers per utterance; % w/fillers = percentage of sentences with fillers; % Grammatical = percentage of grammatical sentences; WPM = words per minute; MCU = mean clauses per utterance; DLevel = developmental level; TTR = type-token ratio; PDensity = propositional density.