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. 2009 Mar 3;10(2):205–219. doi: 10.1007/s10162-009-0160-4

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1.

GTTR enters zebrafish neuromast hair cells and is cytotoxic. A–C Neuromast hair cells can be identified by phalloidin-labeled (green) cuticular plates (arrowhead). GTTR uptake (red) by hair cells is cumulative over time (2–10 min), and is preferentially localized within the cytoplasm. D Neuromast hair cells treated with the same dose of unconjugated Texas Red for 20 min display negligible Texas Red fluorescence. E Neuromast hair cells incubated with GTTR for 10 min display robust GTTR fluorescence. F Neuromasts treated with GTTR plus 10 mM Ca++ for 10 min display reduced GTTR fluorescence in hair cell somata compared to (E). G Neuromast treated with GTTR plus 1.6 mg GT for 10 min also display reduced GTTR fluorescence in hair cell somata compared to (E). H Mariner mutant zebrafish treated with GTTR for 10 min show reduced GTTR uptake in neuromast hair cells compared to (E). I After 1 h of treatment with GTTR (1.6 mg/ml) and 4 h recovery, GTTR fluorescence is present the cytoplasm of many surviving, but not all (arrow), hair cells. Increasing doses of GTTR decreased the number of surviving hair cells after 4 h of recovery (I–K). L Unconjugated Texas Red at the highest dose (12.6 mg/ml) is not detected in hair cells and all hair cells survived treatment. M Increasing doses of GT and GTTR decreased the number (or ratio) of surviving hair cells in wild-type zebrafish neuromasts in a dose-dependent manner (n ≥ 15 neuromasts/dose; untreated age-matched fish provided the control hair cell number in each neuromast, 14 ± 2.7 SD; n = 82). Increasing doses of GT did not decrease the number of hair cells in neuromasts (n ≥ 11/dose) of mariner mutant zebrafish.