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Classification of lung adenocarcinoma reflects progression along a spectrum of invasiveness spanning epithelial atypia, bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma (BAC), BAC with foci of microinvasion, and invasive adenocarcinoma. In cells with repression of TGFβ-RII (lower panel), signaling through the Smad pathway is abrogated (right). Invasiveness is mediated through noncanonical signaling pathways that require RANTES (left).
