Table 2. Molecular aberrations and correlations with clinical or/and pathological features.

Involved genes	Gene aberrations	Protein expression	Genetic alterations	Clinical or/and pathological features
p53			Transfect wt p53 into SKLMS-1 cells (bearing mutated p53 gene)	Decreased cell proliferation in vitro
				Decreased colony formation in soft agar in vitro
				Decreased tumorigenicity in mice in vivo
	Gene mutation	Decreased protein expression	Mutations	Correlation with high grade (French Federation of Cancer Centers)
				Correlation with poor prognosis
p16	p16 inactivation	Decreased protein expression	p16 gene promoter methylation	Association with large tumor size
				Independent prognostic factor for unfavorable outcome
DAP kinase	DAP kinase inactivation	Decreased protein expression	Promoter methylation	Correlation with high grade (French Federation of Cancer Centers) and poor prognosis
			Homozygous deletion
			Transfect E2F-1 into SKLMS-1 cells (bearing mutated p53 gene)	Bcl-2 high expression, E2F-1 high expression
				Tumor apoptosis
E2F-1			Treatment of SKLMS-1 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice with intratumoral injections of Ad5E2F	PKR expression upregulation
				Tumor growth inhibition
RASSF1A	Inactivation of RASSF1A	Decreased protein expression	Methylation	Increased risk of tumor-related death
PTEN	Inactivation of PTEN	Decreased protein expression	Promoter methylation	Useful indicator of cell proliferation
			Homozygous deletion
			Gene mutation
CDK inhibitor 2A	Overexpression	Overexpression	Unknown	Unknown
diaphanous 3	Overexpression	Overexpression	Unknown	Unknown
doublecortin, calpain 6	Overexpression	Overexpression	Unknown	Unknown
interleukin-17B, calpain 6	Overexpression	Overexpression	Unknown	Unknown
proteolipid 1	Overexpression	Overexpression	Unknown	Unknown
alcohol dehydrogenase 1A and 1B polypeptide	Underexpression	Underexpression	Unknown	Unknown
IGF-1, c-jun, c-fos, TU3A	Underexpression	Underexpression	Unknown	Unknown
MDM2, CDK4	Overexpression	High protein expression	Amplification	Unknown