Description of Scales Used as Predictors in the Resilience Models.

Measure — Alpha
Item(s)	Question	Range
Spousal Strain
In the past 12 months has your spouse had:
SM21A_1	A chronic disease or disability	Yes / No
SM21B_1	A frequent minor illness	Yes / No
SM21C_1	Emotional problems	Yes / No
SM21D_1	Alcohol or substance abuse problems	Yes / No
SM21E_1	Financial problems	Yes / No
SM21F_1	Problems at work or school	Yes / No
SM21G_1	A problem finding or keeping a job	Yes / No
SM21H_1	Marital or partner relationship problems	Yes / No
SM21I_1	Legal problems	Yes / No
SM21J_1	Difficulty getting along with people	Yes / No
Child strain
In the past 12 months has any of your children had:
SM21A_3	A chronic disease or disability	Yes / No
SM21B_3	A frequent minor illness	Yes / No
SM21C_3	Emotional problems	Yes / No
SM21D_3	Alcohol or substance abuse problems	Yes / No
SM21E_3	Financial problems	Yes / No
SM21F_3	Problems at work or school	Yes / No
SM21G_3	A problem finding or keeping a job	Yes / No
SM21H_3	Marital or partner relationship problems	Yes / No
SM21I_3	Legal problems	Yes / No
SM21J_3	Difficulty getting along with people	Yes / No
Parent Strain
In the past 12 months have your parents or the people who raised you had:
SM21A_2	A chronic disease or disability Yes / No
SM21B_2	A frequent minor illness	Yes / No
SM21C_2	Emotional problems	Yes / No
SM21D_2	Alcohol or substance abuse problems	Yes / No
SM21E_2	Financial problems	Yes / No
SM21F_2	Problems at work or school	Yes / No
SM21G_2	A problem finding or keeping a job	Yes / No
SM21H_2	Marital or partner relationship problems	Yes / No
Parent Strain
SM21I_2	Legal problems	Yes / No
SM21J_2	Difficulty getting along with people	Yes / No
SC2C	Mother died in 1994 or 1995	Yes / No
SD4C	Father died in 1994 or 1995	Yes / No
Friend/family strain — alpha = .82
Questions were asked of both friends and family members (excluding spouse)
SM15/SM6	How often do [they] make too many demands on you?	1 (Often)–4 (Never)
SM16/SM7	How often do they criticize you?	1 (Often)–4 (Never)
SM17/SM8	How often do they let you down when you are counting on them? “	1 (Often)–4 (Never)
SM18/SM9	How often do they get on your nerves?	1 (Often)–4 (Never)
Friend/family support — alpha = .85
Questions were asked of both friends and family members (excluding spouse)
SM11/SM2	How much do [they] really care about you?	1 (A lot)–4 (Not at all)
SM12/SM3	How much do they understand the way you feel about things?	1 (A lot)–4 (Not at all
SM13/SM4	How much can you rely on them for help if you have a serious problem?	1 (A lot)–4 (Not at all
SM14/SM5	How much can you open up to them if you need to talk about your worries?	1 (A lot)–4 (Not at all
Job strain — alpha = .82
SI28B	How often do you learn new things at work?	1 (All the time)–5 (Never)
SI28C	How often does your work demand a high level of skill or expertise?	1 (All the time)–5 (Never)
SI28I	How often does your job provide you with a variety of things that interest you?	1 (All the time)–5 (Neverl
SI28D	On your job, how often do you have to initiate things — such as coming up with your own ideas,or figuring out on your own what needs to be done?
SI28E	How often do you have a choice in deciding how you do your tasks at work?	1 (All the time)–5 (Never)
SI28F	How often do you have a choice in deciding what tasks you do at work?	1 (All the time)–5 (Never)
SI28G	How often do you have a say in decisions about your work?	1 (All the time)–5 (Never)
SI28H	How often do you have a say in planning your work environment — that is, how your workplace is arranged or how things are organized?	1 (All the time)–5 (Never)
SI29B	How often you control the amount of time you spend on tasks?	1 (All the time)–5 (Never)
SI28A	How often do you have to work very intensively — that is, you are very busy trying to get things done?	1 (All the time)–5 (Never)
SI28J	How often do different people or groups at work demand things from you that you think are hard to combine?	1 (All the time)–5 (Never)
SI29A	How often you have too many demands made on you?	1 (All the time)–5 (Never)
SI29C	How often you have enough time to get everything done?	1 (All the time)–5 (Never)
SI29D	How often you have a lot of interruption?	1 (All the time)–5 (Never)
Job Support — alpha = .83
SI30A	How often do you get help and support from your coworkers?	1 (All the time)–5 (Never)
SI30C	How often do you get the information you need from your supervisor or superiors?	1 (All the time)–5 (Never)
SI30D	How often do you get help and support from your immediate supervisor?	1 (All the time)–5 (Never)
SI30E	How often is your immediate supervisor willing to listen to your work-related problems?	1 (All the time)–5 (Never)
Negative health status — alpha = .76
BADL	Basic Activity of Daily Living — Scale based on SA17B & SA17G. (Number: Mean Response Missing)
	How much does your health limit you in doing: Bathing or dressing yourself?	1 (A lot)–4 (Not at all)
	How much does your health limit you in doing: Walking one block	1 (A lot)–4 (Not at all)
IADL	Intermediate activity of daily living. Mean response of SA17A, SA17C, SA17D, SA17E, SA17F, SA17H, SA17I	1 (A lot)–4 (Not at all)
	How much does your health limit you in doing:
	Lifting or carrying groceries	1 (A lot)–4 (Not at all)
	Climbing several flights of stairs	1 (A lot)–4 (Not at all)
	Bending, kneeling, or stooping	1 (A lot)–4 (Not at all)
	Walking more than a mile	1 (A lot)–4 (Not at all)
	Walking several blocks	1 (A lot)–4 (Not at all)
	Vigorous activity (e.g., running, lifting heavy objects)	1 (A lot)–4 (Not at all)
	Moderate activity (e.g., bowling, vacuuming)	1 (A lot)–4 (Not at all)
QA4	Overall rating of physical health	1 (Poor)–5 (Excellent)
CHRONIC	Number of chronic conditions reported in SA9A-SA9CC: In the past 12 months have you experienced or treated for any of the following? Asthma, bronchitis, or emphysema; ulcer; Tuberculosis; Hernia or rupture; Other lung problems; Piles or hemorrhoids; Arthritis,rheumatism, or other bone or joint diseases; Sciatica, lumbago, or recurring backache; Persistent skin trouble (e.g., eczema); thyroid disease; hayfever; recurring stomach trouble, indigestion or diarrhea; urinary or bladder problems; being constipated all or most of the time;gallbladder trouble; persistent foot trouble (e.g., bunions, ingrown toenails); trouble with varicose veins requiring medical treatment; AIDS or HIV infection; lupus or other autoimmunedisorders; persistent trouble with your gums or mouth; persistent trouble with your teeth; high blood pressure or hypertension; anxiety, depression, or some other emotional disorder; alcohol or drug problems; migraine headaches; chronic sleeping problems; diabetes or high blood sugar; multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, or other neurological disorders; stroke	Yes / No
Financial strain — alpha = .83
SJ1	How would you rate your financial situation these days?	0 (Worst)–10 (Best)
SJ6	In general, would you say you and your family living with you have more many than you need, just enough money for your needs or not enough money for your needs?	1 (More money); 2 (Just enough); 3 (Not enough)
SJ7	How difficult is it for you (and your family) to pay your monthly expenses?	1 (Very difficult)–4 (Not at all difficult)
Perceived neighborhood quality — alpha = .68
Please indicate how much each of the following statements describe your situation.
SL5A	‘I feel safe being out alone in my neighborhood during the daytime.’	1 (A lot)–4 (Not at all)
SL5B	‘I feel safe being out alone in my neighborhood at night.’	1 (A lot)–4 (Not at all)
Perceived neighborhood quality — alpha = .68
SL5E	I could call on a neighbor for help if I needed it.	1 (A lot)–4 (Not at all)
SL5G	People in my neighborhood trust each other.	1 (A lot)–4 (Not at all)
Childhood SES — alpha = .79
SE9	When you were growing up, was your family better off or worse off financially than the average family was at that time?	1 (A lot better off)–7 (A lot worse off)
M_TSEI80	Mother occupation sei
D_TSEI80	Father occupation sei
QC2	Father educational attainment: 1 (No school / Some grade school), 2 (8th grade/ Junior high school), 3 (Some high school), 4 (GED),5 (Graduated from high school), 6 (1–2 years college–no degree yet), 7 (3+ years college–No degree yet), 8 (Associate/vocational degree),9 (Bachelor degree), 10 (Some graduate school), 11 (Masters degree), 12 (PhD or other professional degrees)	1 (No school / Some grade school) 12(PhD or other professional degrees)
QC8	Mother educational attainment	1 (No school / Some grade school) 12(PhD or other professional degrees)
Positive relations with others — alpha = .58
SF1F	‘Maintaining close relationships has been difficult for me.’	1 (Strongly agree)–7 (Strongly disagree)
SF1M	‘People would describe me as a giving person, willing to share my time with others.’	1 (Strongly agree)–7 (Strongly disagree)
SF1P	‘I have not experienced many warm and trusting relationships with others.’	1 (Strongly agree)–7 (Strongly disagree)
Self-acceptance — alpha = .59
SF1A	‘I like most parts of my personality.’	1 (Strongly agree)–7 (Strongly disagree)
SF1B	‘When I look at the story of my life, I am pleased with how things have turned out so far.’	1 (Strongly agree)–7 (Strongly disagree)
SF1E	‘In many way I feel disappointed about my achievements in life.’	1 (Strongly agree)–7 (Strongly disagree)
Autonomy — alpha = .48
SF1O	‘I tend to be influenced by people with strong opinions.’	1 (Strongly agree)–7 (Strongly disagree)
SF1Q	‘I have confidence in my own opinions, even if they are different from the way most other people think.’	1 (Strongly agree)–7 (Strongly disagree)
SF1R	‘I judge myself by what I think is important, not by the values of what others think is important.’	1 (Strongly agree)–7 (Strongly disagree)
Personal has growth — alpha = .55
SF1K	‘For me, life been a continuous process of learning, changing, and growth.’	1 (Strongly agree)–7 (Strongly disagree)
SF1L	‘I think it is important to have new experiences that challenge how I think about myself and the world.’	1 (Strongly agree)–7 (Strongly disagree)
SF1N	‘I gave up trying to make big improvements or changes in my life a long time ago.’	1 (Strongly agree)–7 (Strongly disagree)
Environmental mastery — alpha = .52
SF1D	‘The demands of everyday life often get me down.’	1 (Strongly agree)–7 (Strongly disagree)
SF1H	‘In general, I feel I am in charge of the situation in which I live.’	1 (Strongly agree)–7 (Strongly disagree)
SF1I	‘I am good at managing the responsibilities of daily life.’	1 (Strongly agree)–7 (Strongly disagree)
Purpose in life — alpha = .36
SF1C	‘Some people wander aimlessly through life, but I am not one of them.’	1 (Strongly agree)–7 (Strongly disagree)
SF1G	‘I live life one day at a time and don't really think about the future.’	1 (Strongly agree)–7 (Strongly disagree)
SF1J	‘I sometimes feel as if I've done all there is to do in life.’	1 (Strongly agree)–7 (Strongly disagree)