Table 1.

General information of the study populations including study period, sample size (number of breeding birds for each population), number of second clutches, the total number of recruits from first clutch, the total number of recruits from second clutch and years excluded (due to large-scale manipulations or low proportion of adults ringed).

study site	full name	study period	number of breeding birds	number of second clutches	number of recruits from first clutch	number of recruits from second clutch	year(s) excluded	coordinates (long./lat.)
HV1	Hoge Veluwe	1955–1972	1520	431	1159	82	1955–1958	52°05′ N, 05°50′ E
HV2	Hoge Veluwe	1973–2004	3831	723	2636	234	1973 (reorganizing of study area, see §2)	52°05′ N, 05°50′ E
LB	Liesbos	1955–2004	1570	176	536	20	1955–1957, 1967–1975, 1982, 1991, 1996, 1998–1999	51°35′ N, 04°40′ E
OH	Oosterhout	1955–2004	1205	96	799	16	1956–1966, 1971, 1988, 1990–1992, 1996–1997	51°55′ N, 05°50′ E
VL	Vlieland	1955–2004	4380	1287	3540	488	1955, 1960–1965, 1967–1969, 1971–1975, 1990–2004	53°15′ N, 05°00′ E