TABLE 4.
Characteristics of Acquired LD Phenotypes in DM Patients
| DM With Any LD Phenotype |
DM With Generalized LD |
DM With Partial LD | DM With Focal LA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disease Characteristic | No. of Patients (%) or Median [25%, 75%] |
N | No. of Patients (%) or Median [25%, 75%] |
N | No. of Patients (%) or Median [25%, 75%] |
N | No. of Patients (%) or Median [25%, 75%] |
N | |
| Median age (yr) at diagnosis of LD | 12.3 [9.7, 17.0] | 29 | 13.8 [11.3, 17.2] | 8 | 12.2 [10.0, 16.8] | 16 | 9.4 [6.9, 18.9] | 5 | |
| Median delay (yr) from diagnosis of DM to LD |
4.6 [2.5, 7.5] | 29 | 7.4 [2.8, 8.2] | 8 | 5.0 [1.4, 7.4] | 16 | 3.3 [2.3, 4.6] | 5 | |
| Race | |||||||||
| White | 21 (72.4) | 29 | 6 (75) | 8 | 11 (69) | 16 | 4 (80) | 5 | |
| Hispanic | 5 (17.2) | 29 | 2 (25) | 8 | 2 (13) | 16 | 1 (20) | 5 | |
| Other (African American, Native American, mixed) |
3 (10.3) | 29 | 0 (0) | 8 | 3 (19) | 16 | 0 (0) | 5 | |
| Acanthosis nigricans | 11 (38) | 29 | 4 (50) | 8 | 6 (38) | 16 | 1 (20) | 5 | |
| Buccal fat loss | 20 (69) | 29 | 8 (100)* | 8 | 12 (75)* | 16 | 0 (0)* | 5 | |
| Muscle prominence | 10 (34) | 29 | 3 (38) | 8 | 6 (38) | 16 | 1 (20) | 5 | |
| Hypertrichosis | 16 (55) | 29 | 6 (75) | 8 | 8 (50) | 16 | 2 (40) | 5 | |
| Hyperpigmentation | 4 (14) | 29 | 3 (38) | 8 | 1 (6) | 16 | 0 (0) | 5 | |
| Hepatomegaly | 11 (38) | 29 | 2 (25) | 8 | 9 (56)† | 16 | 0 (0)† | 5 | |
| Steatosis on ultrasound or CT | 10 (63) | 16 | 3 (50) | 6 | 7 (70) | 10 | NA | 0 | |
| Steatohepatitis | 4 (44) | 9 | 1 (33) | 3 | 3 (50) | 6 | NA | 0 | |
| Menstrual irregularity‡ | 8 (57) | 14 | 3 (60) | 5 | 4 (50) | 8 | 1 (100) | 1 | |
| Median right ovarian volume (cm3) | 12.8 [10.5, 39.4] | 7 | 27.5 [10, 45] | 2 | 12.8 [9.3, 31.8] | 5 | NA | 0 | |
| Right ovarian enlargement by ultrasound | 6 (86) | 7 | 2 (100) | 2 | 4 (80) | 5 | NA | 0 | |
| Median leptin level (ng/mL) | 4.1 [2.3, 9.5] | 10 | 2.2 [1.8, 3.2] | 4 | 9.5 [3.7, 17.1] | 5 | 8.3 | 1 | |
| Low leptin level | 5 (50) | 10 | 4 (100)§ | 4 | 1 (20)§ | 5 | 0 (0) | 1 | |
Abbreviations: NA = not available.
*
p < 0.0001 by ANOVA.
†
p = 0.045 for DM with partial LD vs. focal LA.
‡
Patients excluded if male (n = 7), premenarchal (n = 4), or data unknown (n = 4).
§
p = 0.048 for DM with generalized LD vs. partial LD.