Table 3.

Crude and adjusted prevalence of premature death in the family for each adverse childhood experience and ACE score

Category of ACE	N	Crude prevalence (%)	Adjusted prevalence (± SE) (%)*	Adjusted OR	95% CI
Abuse
Emotional abuse
No	15 508	46.9	46.7 (0.4)	1.0	Referent
Yes	1829	48.5	49.8 (1.1)	1.2	1.1–1.3
Physical abuse
No	12 425	46.0	45.5 (0.4)	1.0	Referent
Yes	4912	49.6	50.8 (0.7)	1.2	1.2–1.3
Sexual abuse
No	13 751	45.8	45.7 (0.4)	1.0	Referent
Yes	3586	51.9	52.0 (0.8)	1.3	1.2–1.4
Household dysfunction
Domestic violence
No	15 136	46.2	46.1 (0.4)	1.0	Referent
Yes	2201	52.6	53.2 (1.1)	1.3	1.2–1.5
Parental separation or divorce
No	13 306	46.5	46.2 (0.4)	1.0	Referent
Yes	4031	48.8	49.6 (0.8)	1.1	1.1–1.2
Mental illness in household
No	13 978	46.4	46.1 (0.4)	1.0	Referent
Yes	3359	50.2	51.6 (0.9)	1.3	1.2–1.4
Household substance abuse
No	12 425	44.9	44.2 (0.4)	1.0	Referent
Yes	4912	52.7	54.8 (0.7)	1.5	1.4–1.7
Criminal household member
No	16 528	46.6	46.5 (0.4)	1.0	Referent
Yes	809	56.7	58.2 (1.8)	1.6	1.4–1.9
Neglect**
Emotional neglect
No	7355	46.5	46.1 (0.6)	1.0	Referent
Yes	1274	51.0	51.3 (1.4)	1.2	1.1–1.4
Physical neglect
No	7774	46.1	46.1 (0.6)	1.0	Referent
Yes	855	56.8	56.9 (1.7)	1.5	1.3–1.8
ACE score (Number of ACEs)
0	6078	43.9	42.4 (0.6)	1.0	Referent
1	4472	46.7	46.6 (0.7)	1.2	1.1–1.3
2	2706	47.2	48.2 (0.9)	1.3	1.2–1.4
3	1681	49.8	51.3 (1.2)	1.4	1.3–1.6
≥ 4	2400	54.6	56.8 (1.1)	1.8	1.6–2.0

* Adjusted for education, age, sex and race.

** Wave 2 data only (N = 8629).