Table 3.
Regression Estimates for Parental Employment and Leave-Taking, By Parental Education
| MOTHERS | FATHERS | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Less Than College | EMPLOYED | WITH JOB BUT NOT AT WORK (AMONG EMPLOYED) | ABSENT FROM WORK DUE TO “OTHER REASONS” (AMONG EMPLOYED) | EMPLOYED | WITH JOB BUT NOT AT WORK (AMONG EMPLOYED) | ABSENT FROM WORK DUE TO “OTHER REASONS” (AMONG EMPLOYED) |
| Birth month & Any leave | 0.042 (0.047) | −0.014 (0.045) | −0.015 (0.038) | −0.007 (0.032) | 0.022 (0.019) | 0.022 (0.014) |
| One-month after & Any leave | 0.038 (0.041) | −0.075 (0.044)+ | −0.053 (0.048) | −0.010 (0.040) | −0.006 (0.020) | −0.001 (0.012) |
| Two-month after & Any leave | 0.040 (0.046) | 0.011 (0.062) | −0.020 (0.048) | −0.007 (0.034) | 0.002 (0.019) | −0.003 (0.013) |
| Three-month after & Any leave | 0.027 (0.047) | −0.041 (0.041) | −0.068 (0.030)* | −0.024 (0.038) | −0.011 (0.018) | −0.002 (0.011) |
| R-square | 0.1383 | 0.2540 | 0.2327 | 0.0812 | 0.0255 | 0.0293 |
| Number of Observations | 10006 | 3763 | 3763 | 5943 | 5274 | 5274 |
|
| ||||||
|
B. Some College or More | ||||||
| Birth month & Any leave | 0.023 (0.041) | 0.060 (0.045) | 0.099 (0.036)** | 0.032 (0.029) | 0.047 (0.025)+ | 0.031 (0.014)* |
| One-month after & Any leave | 0.006 (0.042) | 0.086 (0.048)+ | 0.167 (0.043)*** | 0.028 (0.030) | 0.022 (0.026) | 0.013 (0.012) |
| Two-month after & Any leave | 0.034 (0.043) | 0.080 (0.053) | 0.084 (0.039)* | 0.034 (0.028) | 0.024 (0.028) | 0.003 (0.012) |
| Three-month after & Any leave | 0.029 (0.048) | 0.044 (0.043) | 0.047 (0.034) | 0.031 (0.030) | 0.027 (0.026) | 0.005 (0.013) |
| R-square | 0.0652 | 0.2277 | 0.2241 | 0.0549 | 0.0314 | 0.0240 |
| Number of Observations | 9417 | 5837 | 5837 | 7799 | 7406 | 7406 |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
Note. Analysis uses Current Population Survey data from 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004. Table shows unstandardized coefficients with robust standard errors, clustered by state, in parentheses. The control group is composed of people (women for mothers’ sample and men for fathers’ sample) at 12- and 11-months prior to the birth. The models also control for mother’s (father’s) age, education, marital status, race/ethnicity, whether the child is first-born, the number of children, state and year dummy variables, and state unemployment rates in the survey month. The models also controls for whether the state had an approved welfare waiver had implemented TANF, the length in months of welfare work exemptions for mothers with infants and (the natural log of) federal and state EITC refundable benefits, in dollars.
p < .10.
p < .05.
p < .01.
p < .001.