. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Apr 29.

Published in final edited form as: J Policy Anal Manage. 2009;28(1):29–54. doi: 10.1002/pam.20398

Table 5.

Regression Estimates for Maternal Employment and Leave-Taking, Before and After FMLA Enactment

A. Pre-FMLA	EMPLOYED	WITH JOB BUT NOT AT WORK (AMONG EMPLOYED)	ABSENT FROM WORK DUE TO “OTHER REASONS” (AMONG EMPLOYED)
Birth month & Having State law	0.009 (0.029)	0.053 (0.032)	0.046 (0.028)
One-month after & Having State law	0.020 (0.020)	0.074 (0.039)⁺	0.090 (0.039)^*
Two-month after & Having State law	0.034 (0.028)	0.202 (0.044)^***	0.149 (0.038)^***
Three-month after & Having State law	0.045 (0.026)⁺	0.118 (0.040)^**	0.076 (0.025)^**
R-square	0.1495	0.2500	0.2145
Number of Observations	8753	4304	4304

B. Post-FMLA
Birth month & Having State law	−0.023 (0.046)	0.101 (0.042)^*	0.118 (0.043)^**
One-month after & Having State law	−0.031 (0.043)	0.077 (0.040)⁺	0.102 (0.036)^**
Two-month after & Having State law	−0.066 (0.044)	0.174 (0.038)^***	0.155 (0.043)^***
Three-month after & Having State law	−0.056 (0.046)	0.113 (0.044)^**	0.106 (0.048)^*
R-square	0.1562	0.2396	0.2344
Number of Observations	10670	5296	5296
	(1)	(2)	(3)

Note. Analysis uses Current Population Survey data from 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004. Table shows unstandardized coefficients with robust standard errors, clustered by state, in parentheses. The control group is composed of women at 12- and 11-months prior to the birth. The models also control for mother’s age, education, marital status, race/ethnicity, whether the child is first-born, the number of children, state and year dummy variables, and state unemployment rates in the survey month. The models also controls for whether the state had an approved welfare waiver had implemented TANF, the length in months of welfare work exemptions for mothers with infants and (the natural log of) federal and state EITC refundable benefits, in dollars.

⁺

p < .10.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.