Appendix Table A.4.
Regression Estimates for Maternal Employment and Leave-Taking in Birth Month and Subsequent Months
| EMPLOYED | WITH JOB BUT NOT AT WORK (AMONG EMPLOYED) | ABSENT FROM WORK DUE TO “OTHER” REASONS (AMONG EMPLOYED) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Birth month | −0.176 (0.027)*** | 0.416 (0.030)*** | 0.352 (0.026)*** |
| One-month after | −0.191 (0.025)*** | 0.559 (0.033)*** | 0.469 (0.031)*** |
| Two-month after | −0.181 (0.029)*** | 0.223 (0.035)*** | 0.220 (0.031)*** |
| Three-month after | −0.158 (0.030)*** | 0.088 (0.028)** | 0.088 (0.025)*** |
| Any leave provided by state and federal | −0.020 (0.032) | −0.051 (0.030)+ | −0.073 (0.026)** |
| Birth month & Any leave | 0.024 (0.032) | 0.033 (0.033) | 0.054 (0.027)* |
| One-month after & Any leave | 0.015 (0.027) | 0.031 (0.032) | 0.087 (0.028)** |
| Two-month after & Any leave | 0.027 (0.032) | 0.070 (0.043) | 0.056 (0.032)+ |
| Three-month after & Any leave | 0.020 (0.034) | 0.018 (0.033) | 0.006 (0.023) |
| Year of 1988 | 0.026 (0.034) | 0.054 (0.043) | 0.060 (0.041) |
| Year of 1989 | 0.021 (0.042) | 0.164 (0.048)*** | 0.182 (0.044)*** |
| Year of 1990 | 0.047 (0.041) | 0.103 (0.053)* | 0.118 (0.045)** |
| Year of 1991 | −0.345 (0.187)+ | −0.001 (0.238) | 0.020 (0.202) |
| Year of 1992 | −0.405 (0.256) | 0.023 (0.329) | 0.022 (0.286) |
| Year of 1993 | −0.530 (0.302)+ | −0.036 (0.397) | −0.046 (0.346) |
| Year of 1994 | −1.254 (0.745)+ | −0.181 (0.962) | −0.154 (0.831) |
| Year of 1997 | −1.692 (1.013) | −0.320 (1.307) | −0.340 (1.120) |
| Year of 1998 | −1.702 (1.018) | −0.283 (1.322) | −0.311 (1.133) |
| Year of 1999 | −1.669 (1.007) | −0.255 (1.316) | −0.295 (1.105) |
| Year of 2000 | −1.704 (0.997)+ | −0.253 (1.297) | −0.265 (1.105) |
| Year of 2001 | −1.700 (1.007)+ | −0.232 (1.303) | −0.271 (1.105) |
| Year of 2002 | −1.730 (1.019)+ | −0.233 (1.322) | −0.257 (1.132) |
| Year of 2003 | −1.677 (1.012) | −0.281 (1.306) | −0.290 (1.116) |
| Year of 2004 | −1.727 (1.009)+ | −0.221 (1.310) | −0.234 (1.126) |
| State infant exemption (in child’s age in month) | 0.000 (0.001) | 0.003 (0.001)** | 0.002 (0.001)** |
| State providing waiver program | 0.002 (0.023) | 0.022 (0.027) | 0.026 (0.028) |
| TANF | 0.030 (0.024) | −0.005 (0.020) | −0.022 (0.021) |
| Log of Federal/State maximum refundable EITC credit | 1.540 (0.914)+ | 0.419 (1.165) | 0.482 (1.000) |
| Mother’s age | 0.011 (0.001)*** | 0.005 (0.001)*** | 0.005 (0.001)*** |
| Mother’s education < 12 | −0.310 (0.021)*** | −0.096 (0.024)*** | −0.048 (0.019)** |
| Mother’s education = 12 | −0.127 (0.014)*** | −0.056 (0.012)*** | −0.004 (0.013) |
| Mother’s education > 12 & <16 | −0.028 (0.020) | −0.057 (0.016)*** | −0.016 (0.013) |
| Mother divorced/separated | 0.004 (0.014) | −0.090 (0.017)*** | −0.081 (0.017)*** |
| Mother never married | −0.061 (0.028)* | −0.089 (0.026)*** | −0.062 (0.025)* |
| Non-Hispanic Black | −0.017 (0.018) | 0.027 (0.023) | 0.032 (0.022) |
| Hispanic | −0.084 (0.016)*** | −0.035 (0.016)* | −0.036 (0.018)* |
| Other race/ethnicity | −0.083 (0.026)** | −0.027 (0.030) | −0.012 (0.021) |
| Baby is firth born | 0.053 (0.014)*** | 0.017 (0.014) | 0.026 (0.017) |
| Number of children | −0.038 (0.006)*** | −0.034 (0.007)*** | −0.032 (0.007)*** |
| State monthly unemployment rate | −0.006 (0.007) | −0.002 (0.007) | −0.001 (0.007) |
| R-square | 0.1437 | 0.2307 | 0.2183 |
| Number of Observations | 19423 | 9600 | 9600 |
Note. Analysis uses Current Population Survey data from 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004. Table shows unstandardized coefficients with robust standard errors, clustered by state, in parentheses. The control group is composed of women at 12- and 11-months prior to the birth. The models also control for state dummy variables.
+
p < .10.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.