Fig. 2.

Potential inducers of macrophage apoptosis in atherosclerotic lesions. Macrophage apoptosis can be triggered by a variety of factors that work alone or, most likely, in combination to trigger macrophage death. The buildup of endogenous ligands that are recognized by SRA, CD36, and toll-like receptors (TLRs) trigger a proinflammatory and apoptotic response during ER stress. See text for details. AGE, advanced glycation end-products; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; PRR, pattern recognition receptors; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.