. 2009 Feb 12;67(3):316–325. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03358.x

Table 1.

Mixtures of lipid emulsion and microemulsion propofol containing agents that reduce propofol-induced pain

Agents	Volumes of agents mixed with propofol (ml)	Total volumes of mixtures (ml)	Concentrations of agents in mixtures (mg ml⁻¹)
Lidocaine (20 mg ml⁻¹)	0.5	5.5	1.81
Ketamine (50 mg ml⁻¹)	0.2	5.2	1.92
Metoclopramide (5 mg ml⁻¹)	1.0	6	0.83
Ondansetron (2 mg ml⁻¹)	2.0	7	0.57
Thiopental (25 mg ml⁻¹)	2.0	7	7.14
Ephedrine (5 mg ml⁻¹)	0.4	5.4	0.37

All agents that reduce propofol-induced pain were mixed with 5 ml of each propofol formulation (agent mixture). For controls, pain-reducing agents were replaced with an equal volume of saline. The numbers of agent and control mixtures for each propofol formulation were all 10 per agent.