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NAD+ is essential for ATP-synthesizing redox reactions. Both cytosolic glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation required the participation of NAD+. Cytosolic NAD+ is required in the glycolytic pathway for the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Thus, upon cytosolic NAD+ depletion, glucose can no longer be converted to the pyruvate needed to fuel the oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.
