Fig. 2.

Comparative analysis of cytokine or chemokine patterns induced by Leishmania major and L. infantum isolates in human monocytes. Monocytes were infected with metacyclic promastigotes derived from each of the four isolates, at a ratio of two parasites per cell. Culture supernatants were collected after 24 h and cytokines were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Control cultures were stimulated with interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide (C+). Results are mean ± standard error of the mean of four or five experiments. P < 0·05 in comparison with non-infected (NI) cultures, except for interleukin (IL)-12p70 induced by the four isolates and for IL-12p40 induced by Leishmania viscerotropic (LiV) and Leishmania dermotropic (LiD) isolates. *P < 0·05 compared with LiV and LiD.