Fig. 5.

Effect of virulence or tropism of Leishmania major and L. infantum isolates on interleukin (IFN)-γ/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of interleukin (IL)-12 after infection of human monocytes. Monocytes were primed for 12 h with IFN-γ then co-stimulated for 24h with Leishmania parasites and LPS. IL-12p70 (a) and IL-12p40 (b) were then quantified in culture supernatants. Results are mean ± standard error of the mean of three experiments; n.s.: non-stimulated and non-infected cultures.