Table 1 Complications in 109 conservatively managed preterm neonates ⩽30 weeks' gestation, requiring ventilation and surfactant treatment: comparison with data from the Vermont Oxford Network.

	Proportion (%) of neonates with complications
	Conservative treatment* (N = 109)	Medical treatment† (reference database)
Necrotising enterocolitis	0	4–6
Intraventricular haemorrhage grade 3	7	6–7
Chronic lung disease	8	18–28
Death	13	12

*See Methods: Adjusment of ventilation and fluid restriction, and if PDA still present, ductal ligation carried out

†Range based on data from the Vermont Oxford Network and data on outcome with ibuprofen and/or indometacin, as provided by Orphan Europe (http://www.Orphan‐europe.com).19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26