Table 1.
NTP Chemicals Associated with Site-Specific Lung Tumor Induction in Rats and/or Mice
| Chemical | Route | MR | FR | MM | FM | Primary lung tumor induced |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acrylonitrile | Gavage | x | x | SE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |
| 1-amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone | Dosed feed | CE | CE | A/B adenoma | ||
| AZT | In utero | x | x | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |
| Benzene | Gavage | CE | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | ||
| Benzofuran | Gavage | CE | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | ||
| 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol | Dosed feed | CE | CE | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |
| Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether | Gavage | x | x | P | P | A/B adenoma |
| Bromoethane (ethyl bromide) | Inhalation | SE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |||
| 1,3-butadiene | Inhalation | x | x | CE | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma |
| 1,3-butadiene | Inhalation | x | x | CE | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma |
| Chlorendic acid | Dosed feed | SE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |||
| Chloroprene | Inhalation | CE | SE | CE | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma |
| CI acid red 114 | Dosed water | SE | CE | x | x | A/B adenoma and carcinoma |
| Cobalt sulfate heptahydrate | Inhalation | SE | CE | CE | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (FR) |
| Coumarin | Gavage | SE | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | ||
| Dibromoacetic acid | Dosed water | CE | SE | A/B adenoma | ||
| 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane | Inhalation | P | P | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | ||
| 1,2-dibromoethane | Gavage | P | P | A/B adenoma | ||
| 1,2-dibromoethane | Inhalation | P | P | P | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |
| 2,3-dibromo-1-propanol | Topical application | CE | SE | A/B adenoma | ||
| 1,2-dichloroethane | Gavage | P | P | A/B adenoma | ||
| 1,3-dichloropropene (telone II) | Gavage | IS | CE | A/B adenoma | ||
| 3,3′-dimethylbenzidine dihydrochloride | Dosed water | CE | CE | x | x | A/B adenoma and carcinoma |
| Dimethyl hydrogen phosphite | Gavage | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (MR) | |||
| 1,2-epoxybutane | Inhalation | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |||
| Estradiol mustard | Gavage | P | P | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | ||
| Ethylbenzene | Inhalation | SE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |||
| Ethylene oxide | Inhalation | x | x | CE | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma |
| Gallium arsenide | Inhalation | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |||
| Glycidol | Gavage | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |||
| HC blue 1 | Dosed feed | SE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |||
| Indium phosphide | Inhalation | CE | CE | CE | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (MR) |
| Isobutyl nitrite | Inhalation | CE | CE | SE | SE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma |
| 8-methoxypsoralen | Gavage | SE | x | x | A/B adenoma | |
| Methylene chloride | Inhalation | CE | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | ||
| 4-methylimidazole | Dosed feed | CE | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | ||
| N-methylolacrylamide | Gavage | CE | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | ||
| Molybdenum trioxide | Inhalation | SE | SE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | ||
| Naphthalene | Inhalation | x | x | SE | A/B adenoma | |
| 1,5-naphthalenediamine | Dosed feed | P | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |||
| Nickel (II) oxide | Inhalation | SE | SE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (MR) | ||
| Nickel subsulfide | Inhalation | CE | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (FR) | ||
| 5-nitroacenaphthene | Dosed feed | P | P | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | ||
| Nitromethane | Inhalation | CE | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | ||
| O-nitrotoluene | Dosed feed | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |||
| Oxymetholone | Gavage | CE | x | x | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |
| Ozone | Inhalation | SE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |||
| Phenesterin | Gavage | P | P | A/B carcinoma | ||
| Procarbazine hydrochloride | Intraperitoneal injection | P | P | A/B adenoma | ||
| Riddelliine | Gavage | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |||
| Selenium sulfide | Gavage | P | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |||
| Sulfallate | Dosed feed | P | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |||
| Talc | Inhalation | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |||
| PCB 126/PCB 153 | Gavage | x | CE | x | x | Cystic keratinizing epithelioma |
| PECDF | Gavage | x | SE | x | x | Cystic keratinizing epithelioma |
| PCB 126/PCB 118 | Gavage | x | CE | x | x | Cystic keratinizing epithelioma |
| TCDD | Gavage | x | CE | x | x | Cystic keratinizing epithelioma |
| Tetranitromethane | Inhalation | CE | CE | CE | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (MR/FR), sarcoma (MR/FR), mixed malignant tumors (FR) |
| Dioxin mixture | Gavage | x | CE | x | x | Cystic keratinizing epithelioma |
| PCB 126 | Gavage | x | CE | x | x | Cystic keratinizing epithelioma |
| Trifluralin | Dosed feed | P | A/B adenoma | |||
| 2,4,5-trimethylaniline | Dosed feed | P | A/B carcinoma | |||
| TRIS(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate | Dosed feed | P | P | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | ||
| Urethane | Dosed water | x | x | CE | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma |
| Vanadium pentoxide | Inhalation | SE | SE | CE | CE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma |
| 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene diepoxide | Topical application | SE | A/B adenoma and carcinoma | |||
| Total positive/total studied | 18/52 | 23/58 | 35/55 | 40/56 |
Abbreviations: A/B, alveolar/bronchiolar; AZT, 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine; CE, clear evidence; CI acid red, 114=8-((3,3′-DIMETHYL-4′-((4-(((4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl)oxy) phenyl)azo)(1,1′-biphenyl)-4-yl)azo)-7-hydroxy, disodium salt; HC blue, 2,2′((4-(methylamino)-3-nitrophenyl)imino)BIS(ethanol); IS, inadequate study; P, positive; PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl; PECDF, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran; SE, some evidence; TCDD, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; x, not studied.