Table 1.
Genes changes in neurodegenerative diseases.
| REFERENCES |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene symbol | Gene name | Statistically significant change | Initial publication | Confirmation |
| Alzheimer's Disease | ||||
| DRD2 | Dopamine receptor 2 | Decreased | Joyce, 1993; Ryoo, 1994 | Ginsberg, 2001 |
| GRIA1 | AMPA1 receptor | Decreased | Yasuda, 1995; Ikonomovic, 1995 | Carter, 2004; Ginsberg, 2001 |
| GRIA2 | AMPA2 receptor | Decreased | Yasuda, 1995; Ikonomovic, 1995 | Carter, 2004; Ginsberg, 2001 |
| CRIN1 | NMDA R1 | Decreased | Yasuda, 1995 | Ginsberg, 2001; Jacob, 2007 |
| SLC1A1 | Glutamate transporter EAAT3 | Decreased | Ginsberg, 2001 | Jacob, 2007; Westphalen, 2003 |
| SYP | Synaptophysin | Decreased | Callahan, 1999 | Gutala 2004 Ginsberg, 2001 |
| SYT1 | Synaptotagmin I | Decreased | Ginsberg, 2001 | Gutala, 2004; Callahan, 1999 |
| CHRNA7 | α7 nicotinic receptor | Increased by ECS | Counts, 2007 | Counts, 2004 |
| 3Rtau/4Rtau | Tau protein isoform | Increased ratio | Ginsberg, 2006 | Ginsberg, 2006 |
| APP | Amyloid precursor protein | Present In SP | Ginsberg, 1999 | Ginsberg, 2004 |
| bax | bcl2-associated × protein | Present In SP | Ginsberg, 1999 | Ginsberg, 2004 |
| bcI-2 | b-cell cll/lymphoma 2 | Present In SP | Ginsberg, 1999 | Ginsberg, 2004 |
| GRIA1, GRIA2, | AMPA GluR subunits | Present in SP | Ginsberg, 1999 | Ginsberg, 2004 |
| GRIA4, and GRIK1 | ||||
| GFAP | Glial fibrilary protein | Present in SP | Ginsberg, 1999 | Ginsberg, 2004 |
| IL-1 | Interleukin-1 | Present in SP | Ginsberg, 1999 | Ginsberg, 2004 |
| AGER | Advanced glyucation end-products receptor | Present in SP | Ginsberg, 1999 | Ginsberg, 2004 |
| Alzheimer's disease/MCI | ||||
| TrkA | High affinity NGF receptor | Decreased | Ginsberg, 2001 | Ginsberg, 2001; Boissiere, 1997 |
| TrkB | High affinity BDNF, NT-3 receptor | Decreased | Ginsberg, 2001 | Ginsberg, 2001 |
| TrkC | High affinity NT-3, BDNF receptor | Deceased | Ginsberg, 2001 | Ginsberg, 2001 |
| Parkinson's disease | ||||
| UCH-L1 | Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 | Decreased | Grunblatt, 2004 | Liu, 2002; Choi, 2004 |
| SKP1 | S-phase kinase-associated protein 1A | Decreased | Grunblatt, 2004 | Grunblatt, 2007 |
| EGLN1 | Ion transport | Decreased | Grunblatt, 2004 | Grunblatt, 2007 |
| Nurr-1 | Orphan nuclear receptor | Increased by ECS | Newton, 2003; Altar, 2005 | Chu, 2006; Eells., 2002 |
| BDNF | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor | Increased by ECS | Newton, 2003; Altar, 2005 | Hyman, 1991; Altar, 1994; 2003 |
| TrkB | Tropomyosin receptor-related Kinase | Increased by ECS | Nibuya,1995; Altar, 2005 | Hyman, 1991; Altar, 1994 |
| gstm1 | Glutathione-S-transferase | Increased by ECS | Altar, 2005 | Hyman, 1991 |
| S100β | S100 calcium binding protein | Increased by ECS | Newton, 2003 | Altar, 2005 |
| Normal aging | ||||
| PKC α, β, γ | Protein kinase α, β, γ subunits | Decreased | Lu, 2004 | |
| CALM1 | Calmodulin 1 | Decreased | Lu, 2004 | |
| Tau | tau protein | Decreased | Lu, 2004 | |
| GIurR1 | AMPA receptor subunit | Decreased | Lu, 2004 | Ginsberg, 2007 |
| EAAT2 | Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 | Decreased | Lu, 2004 | Ginsberg, 2007 |
| D1 through D5 | Dopamine receptors 1 through 5 | Decreased | Hemby, 2003 | Ginsberg, 2004 |
ECS = electroconvulsive shock; SP = senile plaques.