TABLE 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study population after stratification by gender and race.
| Men (n=1,007) | Women (n=1,163) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| African-American (n=474) |
Hispanic (n=169) |
Caucasian (n=364) |
African-American (n=584) |
Hispanic (n=224) |
Caucasian (n=355) |
|
| Age (yr) | 45 (38–54) | 40 (33–47)* | 44 (38–52) | 46 (37–54) | 38 (34–48)* | 48 (38–55) |
| Height (cm) | 175 (170–180) | 168 (164–173)* | 178 (173–182) | 162 (158–168) | 154 (151–159)* | 163 (158–168) |
| Weight (kg) | 85 (74–101) | 82 (73–93)* | 89 (79–98) | 83 (71–97)* | 71 (62–82) | 71 (63–86) |
| HTGC (%) | 3.2 (2.0–5.2)* | 4.6 (2.7–11.8) | 4.3 (2.4–8.4) | 3.3 (2.0–5.3) | 4.6 (2.6–9.9)* | 3.0 (1.8–5.2) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28 (24–32) | 29 (26–32) | 28 (25–31) | 31 (27–37)* | 30 (26–34)* | 27 (23–32)* |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 93 (85–106) | 97 (90–103)* | 93 (86–100) | 91 (84–102) | 94 (87–104)* | 90 (83–97) |
| Insulin (uU/mL) | 11 (6–20) | 12 (8–19) | 10 (6–17) | 15 (9–22) | 14 (8–20) | 10 (6–15)* |
| HOMAIR | 2.8 (1.5–5.0) | 3.3 (1.8–4.9) † | 2.3 (1.4–4.2) | 3.5 (2.0–5.4) | 3.3 (1.7–5.5) | 2.1 (1.3–3.5)* |
| CRP | 2.2 (1.1–5.9)† | 1.9 (1.1–3.4) | 1.7 (0.8–3.3) | 4.2 (1.7–9.0) | 4.0 (1.9–8.1) | 2.9 (1.3–6.7)* |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 91 (64–133)* | 130 (84–211) | 122 (81–188) | 81 (60–113)* | 111 (79–158) | 98 (69–144) |
| Lean Mass (kg) | 65.2 (59.1–72.8) | 60.2 (55.3–64.9)* | 63.8 (59.3–70.1) | 49.6 (44.3–55.1) * | 42.4 (38.5–46.7)* | 44.2 (39.8–49.3)* |
| Fat Mass (kg) | 19.2 (13.1–26.6) | 20.3 (16.0–24.6) | 22.0 (17.3–28.1)* | 31.9 (24.5–41.3)* | 27.9 (22.6–33.6) | 26.6 (20.9–36.6) |
| Abdominal (kg) | 5.4 (3.7–7.5)* | 5.9 (4.9–7.4) | 6.4 (4.9–8.0) | 7.5 (5.4–10.2) | 7.1 (5.6–9.0) | 6.0 (4.4–8.5)* |
| Subcutaneous (kg) | 3.2 (2.0–4.6) | 3.2 (2.5–4.0) | 3.5 (2.6–4.4) | 5.7 (3.9–7.9)* | 5.1 (3.8–6.9)* | 4.3 (2.9–6.3)* |
| Intraperitoneal (kg) | 1.3 (.89–1.8)* | 1.7 (1.3–2.1) | 1.7 (1.2–2.2) | 1.1 (.763–1.5) | 1.2 (.907–1.6)* | 1.1 (.700–1.5) |
| Lower Extremity (kg) | 6.4 (4.3–9.0) | 5.8 (4.4–7.2)* | 6.7 (5.2–8.8) | 11.9 (9.4–15.6)* | 9.4 (7.8–11.8) | 10.2 (8.0–13.1) |
| Body Fat (%) | 22.6 (17.6–27.1)* | 24.9 (22.2–28.5) | 25.9 (22.2–29.6) | 38.9 (34.7–43.3) | 40.3 (35.7–42.7) | 38.6 (33.9–42.8) |
| Abdominal (%) | 29.0 (26.2–31.6) | 30.2 (28.2–32.2)* | 28.7 (26.3–31.1) | 23.6 (20.7–26.4)* | 25.7 (23.1–28.2)* | 22.5 (19.9–25.2)* |
| Subcutaneous (%) | 17.2 (14.7–19.6)* | 16.2 (14.5–18.3) | 16.1 (14.1–18.1) | 17.7 (15.4–20.4) | 18.2 (16.2–21.1) | 15.8 (13.6–18.5)* |
| Intraperitoneal (%) | 6.8 (5.4–8.3)* | 8.3 (7.1–10.1)* | 7.4 (5.9–9.0)* | 3.4 (2.6–4.3)* | 4.4 (3.5–5.1)* | 3.8 (3.1–4.7)* |
| Lower Extremity (%) | 33.9 (30.3–37.1)* | 28.4 (26.4–31.2)* | 30.7 (27.4–34.3)* | 39.0 (34.8–43.2) | 34.6 (31.7–39.0)* | 39.1 (34.8–43.3) |
| Obesity (%) ‡ | ||||||
| BMI | 36 | 46* | 33 | 56 | 50 | 32* |
| % Body Fat | 36* | 49 | 56 | 91 | 91 | 86* |
| Hepatic Steatosis (%) ‡ | 22* | 46 | 41 | 24 | 45* | 23 |
Note: values are median with interquartile range unless otherwise specified. Obesity was defined either by a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 or a percent body fat > 25% for men and >30% for women.
Abbreviations: body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment (HOMAIR), hepatic triglyceride content (HTGC), total percent body fat (%BF).
Conversions: glucose (mg/dL) × 0.05551=mmol/L; triglyceride (mg/dL) × 0.02586=mmol/L.
*
Indicates values that are significantly different from the others for that gender group (P<0.05)
†
Indicates that the value is significantly different from Caucasians within the gender group (P<0.05)
‡
Indicates prevalence values (%).