Figure 5.

Factors associated with ‘quantitative’ publication output in European countries. (a) Association between publication output and number of pharmaceutical companies with headquarters in a country. (b) Association between publication output and research and development expenditures by pharmaceutical companies. (c) Association between publication output and health-related research and development expenditures. AT, Austria; BE, Belgium; CH, Switzerland; CZ, Czech Republic; DE, Germany; DK, Denmark; ES, Spain; FI, Finland; FR, France; GR, Greece; HU, Hungary; IR, Ireland; IT, Italy; NL, the Netherlands; NO; Norway; PT, Portugal; SE, Sweden; SI, Slovenia; SK, Slovakia; UK, United Kingdom. Health-related R&D expenditures data were not available for: Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Luxembourg, Lithuania, Latvia, Malta and Poland. Data on R&D expenditures by pharmaceutical companies were not available for Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Luxembourg, Lithuania, Latvia, Malta, Poland and Slovakia