Table 2.
Morphine disposition: comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters for morphine-d3 administered intravenously to eight opioid-dependent patients and eight opioid-naive volunteers
| Morphine-d3 | Morphine-d3-3-glucuronide | Morphine-d3-6-glucuronide | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent | Naive | Dependent | Naive | Dependent | Naive | |
| Morphine-d3 Dose (µmol) | 24.3 | 24.3 | ||||
| Cmax (µmol l−1) | 1.17 ± 0.36 | 1.13 ± 0.16 | 0.30 ± 0.09 | 0.32 ± 0.12 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.03 |
| tmax (min) | 5.3 ± 0.9 | 4.7 ± 0.8 | 54 ± 40 | 29 ± 20 | 68 ± 38 | 55 ± 14 |
| AUC (µmol h l−1) | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.26 ± 0.03 | 1.30 ± 0.31 | 1.07 ± 0.42 | 0.26 ± 0.07 | 0.21 ± 0.09 |
| CL (l min−1) | 1.69 ± 0.32 | 1.59 ± 0.17 | ||||
| Vss (l) | 155 ± 60 | 129 ± 37 | ||||
| t1/2 terminal (h) | 1.80 ± 0.32 | 1.60 ± 0.44 | 3.31 ± 0.72 | 3.02 ± 0.63 | 2.11 ± 0.48 | 2.49 ± 0.55 |
| RatioG/N | 6.49 ± 1.72 | 4.96 ± 1.85 | ||||