Table 3.
Results of multilevel models examining the effects of DM and GM characteristics on intentions to leave organization.
| Fixed effects | Model 0 Estimate (SE) | Model 1 Estimate (SE) | Model 2 Estimate (SE) | Model 3 Estimate (SE) | Model 4 Estimate (SE) | Model 5 Estimate (SE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 1.87 (.06)** | 4.63 (.84)** | 4.55 (.10)** | 4.55 (.86)** | 5.01 (.98)** | 3.86 (1.01)** |
| Within-hotel effects | ||||||
| Org. time expectations | — | −.14 (.06)* | −.14 (.06)* | −.14 (.06)* | −.16 (.07)** | −.17 (.07)** |
| Career consequences | — | −.27 (.07)** | −.24 (.07)** | −.24 (.07)** | −.20 (.07)** | −.20 (.07)** |
| Manager support | — | −.24 (.10)** | −.23 (.09)** | −.23 (.09)** | −.21 (.10)* | −.21 (.10)* |
| Age of DM | — | — | −.02 (.01)* | −.02 (.01)* | −.01 (.01)* | −.02 (.01)* |
| Gender of DM | — | — | .19 (.09)* | .17 (.09)* | .19 (.09)* | .19 (.09)* |
| Have kids DM | — | — | .04 (.10) | .05 (.10) | .06 (.10) | .06 (.10) |
| Years in industry DM | — | — | .01 (.01) | .01 (.01) | .01 (.01) | .01 (.01) |
| Years in company DM | — | — | .00 (.01) | .01 (.01) | .01 (.01) | .00 (.01) |
| Between-hotel effects | ||||||
| Org. time expectations | — | — | — | .41 (.21)+ | .61 (.25)* | .64 (.24)* |
| Career consequences | — | — | — | −.29 (.37) | −.44 (.38) | −.15 (.36) |
| Manager support | — | — | — | −.81 (.40)* | −1.04 (.41)* | −1.04 (.38)** |
| Age of GM | — | — | — | — | −.01 (.01) | −.01 (.01) |
| Gender of GM | — | — | — | — | −.01 (.01) | −.00 (.01) |
| Have kids GM | — | — | — | — | −.34 (.15)* | −.38 (.14)** |
| Yrs in hotel GM | — | — | — | — | −.02 (.02) | −.01 (.02) |
| Years in company GM | — | — | — | — | −.01 (.01) | −.01 (.01) |
| Positive W/F spillovers GM | — | — | — | — | — | −.09 (.09) |
| Negative W/F spillovers GM | — | — | — | — | — | .07 (.03)** |
|
| ||||||
| Variance components | Estimate | Estimate | Estimate | Estimate | Estimate | |
| Between-hotel (Level-2) | .04* | .02 | .02 | .02 | .01 | .00 |
| Within-hotel (Level-1) | 1.16** | .96** | .94** | .94** | .93** | .93** |
| Model fit | ||||||
| −2LL | 1578.7 | 1470.1 | 1460.3 | 1450.4 | 1371.9 | 1364.4 |
| Change in −2LL (from previous Model) | 98.3 | 20.1 | 9.9 | 78.5 | 7.5 | |
| p | 0.0000 | 0.0012 | 0.0194 | 0.0000 | 0.0235 | |
Note. DM, department manager; GM, general manager. −2LL, −2 log likelihood.
+
p < .10.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.