Table 3.

Sleep-Wake Patterns for Toddlers (BISQ)

Variable	Baseline	Week 2	Week 3	ANOVA
	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	F	P
Sleep latency (min)
Control	21.8 (15.14)	21.1 (15.91)	2.6 (13.50)	0.11	0.90
Intervention	20.3 (11.55)	16.9 (11.94)	16.3 (12.05)	4.31	0.01
Number of night wakings
Control	1.1 (0.70)	1.2 (1.08)	1.0 (1.01)	0.35	0.71
Interventiona	1.3 (0.85)	0.9 (0.75)	0.6 (0.71)	25.61***	< 0.001
Duration of night wakings (min)
Control	15.1 (14.60)	14.4 (14.84)	13.3 (15.65)	0.24	0.79
Interventiona	14.8 (13.16)	10.0 (12.19)	8.2 (9.85)	11.22***	< 0.001
Longest continuous sleep period (hours)
Control	8.8 (1.97)	8.5 (1.84)	8.5 (1.91)	0.33	0.72
Interventiona	8.1 (2.05)	8.7 (2.11)	9.2 (1.93)	9.22***	< 0.001
Total nighttime sleep (hours)
Control	9.8 (1.10)	9.8 (1.10)	10.0 (1.00)	0.37	0.69
Intervention	9.9 (.94)	9.9 (.95)	10.0 (.89)	0.50	0.61
Total naps (hours)
Control	1.8 (0.79)	1.7 (0.64)	1.7 (0.80)	0.46	0.63
Intervention	1.9 (0.76)	1.7 (0.76)	1.8 (0.76)	0.82	0.44
Consider sleep a problem^
Control	2.6 (0.98)	2.4 (0.95)	2.4 (0.99)	0.70	0.50
Interventiona	2.6 (0.99)	2.0 (0.92)	1.7 (0.82)	31.89***	< 0.001
Toddler's mood in morning^
Control	2.0 (0.83)	2.0 (0.79)	2.0 (0.83	0.05	0.95
Interventiona	2.2 (0.88)	1.7 (0.70)	1.8 (0.75)	15.39***	< 0.001
Number of times called
Control	1.5 (1.27)	1.5 (1.38)	1.4 (1.07)	0.37	0.69
Interventionb	1.8 (1.53)	1.3 (1.32)	1.1 (1.25)	8.21***	< 0.001
Number of times out of crib/bed
Control	1.2 (1.58)	1.1 (1.41)	1.2 (1.58)	0.16	0.85
Interventiona	1.2 (1.11)	0.7 (0.79)	0.7 (0.88)	6.93**	0.001
How difficult was bedtime?^
Control	2.5 (0.80)	2.5 (0.85)	2.4 (0.89)	0.74	0.48
Interventiona	2.5 (0.83)	2.0 (0.63)	1.8 (0.66)	34.89***	< 0.001
How well did child sleep?^
Control	2.2 (0.76)	2.0 (0.66)	2.1 (0.70)	0.78	0.46
Interventiona	2.3 (0.86)	1.7 (0.68)	1.6 (0.69)	32.77***	< 0.001

^aSignificant difference between baseline/week 2 and baseline/week 3

^bSignificant difference between baseline and week 3

^{^}Lower scores are better

BISQ: Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire; min: minutes; SD: standard deviation