Table 5.
Sleep-Wake Patterns for Toddlers (Daily Sleep Diary)
| Variable | Baseline | Week 2 | Week 3 | ANOVA |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | F | P | |
| Sleep latency (min) | |||||
| Control | 19.8 (12.45) | 17.9 (12.86) | 16.7 (12.81) | 0.87 | 0.42 |
| Interventiona | 21.9 (11.43) | 18.6 (11.85) | 16.1 (9.25) | 9.38*** | < 0.001 |
| Time started routine | |||||
| Control | 8:19 (0.70) | 8:18 (0.79) | 8:22 (0.76) | 0.21 | 0.81 |
| Intervention | 8:15 (0.74) | 8:14 (0.71) | 8:18 (0.83) | 0.29 | 0.75 |
| Time of lights out (hours) | |||||
| Control | 8:58 (0.76) | 8:55 (0.75) | 8:56 (0.77) | 0.10 | 0.90 |
| Intervention | 8:53 (0.77) | 8:48 (0.71) | 8:53 (0.77) | 0.54 | 0.58 |
| Longest continuous sleep period (hours) | |||||
| Control | 8.4 (1.59) | 8.4 (1.57) | 8.4 (1.59) | 0.07 | 0.94 |
| Interventiona | 8.0 (1.57) | 8.7 (1.58) | 8.9 (1.53) | 13.15*** | < 0.001 |
| Number of night wakings | |||||
| Control | 0.8 (0.56) | 0.7 (0.58) | 0.7 (0.65) | 0.30 | 0.74 |
| Interventiona | 1.0 (0.74) | 0.6 (.57) | 0.5 (0.57) | 23.47*** | < 0.001 |
| Duration of night wakings (min) | |||||
| Control | 12.5 (14.90) | 10.27 (10.74) | 11.7 (14.14) | 0.48 | 0.62 |
| Interventiona | 13.3 (12.23) | 8.4 (10.4) | 9.3 (.81) | 12.88*** | < 0.001 |
| Number of times called | |||||
| Control | 1.5 (1.41) | 1.5 (1.87) | 1.3 (1.95) | 0.18 | 0.84 |
| Interventiona | 1.8 (1.89) | 1.1 (1.10) | 1.0 (1.15) | 10.57*** | < 0.001 |
| Number of times got out of bed/crib | |||||
| Control | 1.0 (1.21) | 1.0 (1.28) | 0.9 (1.17) | 0.20 | 0.82 |
| Intervention | 1.0 (0.92) | 0.7 (0.70) | 0.6 (0.79) | 4.31 | 0.01 |
| How difficult was bedtime? | |||||
| Control | 2.4 (0.62) | 2.4 (0.72) | 2.3 (0.73) | 0.72 | 0.49 |
| Interventiona | 2.3 (0.58) | 1.9 (0.49) | 1.8 (0.55) | 28.20*** | < 0.001 |
| Wake time | |||||
| Control | 7:35 (0.95) | 7:32 (0.99) | 7:42 (0.96) | 0.53 | 0.59 |
| Intervention | 7:30 (0.87) | 7:29 (0.88) | 7:29 (0.90) | 0.02 | 0.98 |
| Total sleep time (hours) | |||||
| Control | 10.0 (0.88) | 10.1 (0.95) | 10.2 (.87) | 0.58 | 0.56 |
| Intervention | 9.8 (0.79) | 10.1 (0.82) | 10.2 (.85) | 2.10 | 0.12 |
| How well toddler slept^ | |||||
| Control | 2.1 (0.49) | 2.0 (0.57) | 2.0 (0.54) | 0.42 | 0.66 |
| Interventiona | 2.1 (0.63) | 1.8 (0.60) | 1.6 (0.56) | 28.26*** | < 0.001 |
| Toddler's mood in the morning^ | |||||
| Control | 2.1 (0.65) | 2.0 (0.74) | 2.0 (0.72) | 0.18 | 0.83 |
| Interventiona | 2.2 (0.73) | 1.9 (0.58) | 1.8 (0.63) | 18.35*** | < 0.001 |
| Total naps (hours) | |||||
| ontrol | 1.7 (0.65) | 1.6 (0.75) | 1.6 (0.75) | 0.09 | 0.91 |
| ntervention | 1.7 (0.71) | 1.7 (0.75) | 1.7 (0.70) | 0.04 | 0.96 |
aSignificant difference between baseline/week 2 and baseline/week 3;
bStart of routine, Lights out, Wake time expressed by 24-Hour clock, SD expressed in hours;
^Lower scores are better; min: minutes; SD: standard deviation