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. 2009 May 1;32(5):637–647. doi: 10.1093/sleep/32.5.637

Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics in Patients with Heart Failure and Normal Control Subjects

OSA (n = 8) CSA (n = 9) NoSA (n = 7) NC (n = 9)
Age, y 58 ± 2 60 ± 3 58 ± 4 50 ± 2
Sex, M/F 7/1 7/2 2/5c 5/4
BMI, kg/m2 27 ± 1 26 ± 1 26 ± 1 24 ± 1
Abdominal circumference, cm 92 ± 3 93 ± 3 89 ± 3 86 ± 3
Neck circumference, cm 40 ± 2,a 37 ± 1 35 ± 1 35 ± 1
HF etiology, No.
    Id/Isch/Hyp 1/3/4 1/4/4 4/0/3
    NYHA Functional Class 2.5 2.6 2.0
Medications, No. (%)
    β-blocker 8 (100) 9 (100) 7 (100)
    ACE inhibitors or ARBs 8 (100) 9 (100) 7 (100)
    Digoxin 6 (75) 2 (22) 3 (43)
    Diuretics 6 (75) 8 (89) 5 (71)
LVEF, % 33 ± 2,b 30 ± 3,b 30 ± 4b 64 ± 2
Heart Rate, beats/min 66 ± 3 63 ± 3 63 ± 2 63 ± 3
SBP, mmHg 117 ± 5 115 ± 8 118 ± 10 118 ± 6
DBP, mmHg 69 ± 4 60 ± 4 62 ± 4 64 ± 4
Peak VO2, mL/kg/min 18 ± 1b 16 ± 1b 17 ± 1b 26 ± 3
FBF, mL/min/100 mL 1.7 ± 0.2b 1.5 ± 0.1b 1.6 ± 0.1b 2.5 ± 0.3
FVC, units 2.0 ± 0.3b 1.9 ± 0.1b 2.0 ± 0.2b 3.1 ± 0.4
MSNA, bursts/min 60 ± 3b 51 ± 2b 37 ± 4b,c 20 ± 4
MSNA, bursts/100 heart beats 91 ± 3b 81 ± 3b 60 ± 5b,c 32 ± 5

OSA refers to patients with heart failure and obstructive sleep apnea; CSA, patients with heart failure and central sleep apnea; NoSA, patients with heart failure and without sleep apnea; NC, normal, healthy control subjects; Id, idiopathic; Isch, ischemic; Hyp, hypertensive; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers. There was no significant difference in age, body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference, heart failure etiology, New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class, medications, heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among groups. Sex was significantly different among groups. Neck circumference was significantly greater in OSA compared with control subjects and NoSA. Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), peak VO2, forearm blood flow (FBF), and forearm vascular conductance (FVC) were lower in patients with heart failure than in NC. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was higher in patients with heart failure when compared with NC. Quality of life was not significantly different among HF patient groups.

a

vs NC and NoSA, P < 0.05;

b

vs NC, P < 0.001;

c

vs OSA and CSA, P < 0.05. One-way analysis of variance. Sex, etiology, and medication use were tested by χ2 test.

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