Table 4.
Association between ADHD-Related Symptoms and Sleep Disorders
| Primary Insomnia |
Primary Hypersomnia |
Sleep Terror Disorder† |
Sleepwalking Disorder† |
Nightmare Disorder |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | F value | No | Yes | F value | No | Yes | F value | No | Yes | F value | No | Yes | F value | |
| CPRS-R:S | (n = 347) | (n = 55) | (n = 398) | (n = 4) | (n = 395) | (n = 7) | (n = 389) | (n = 13) | (n = 368) | (n = 34) | |||||
| Inattention | 58.3 | 66.5 | 12.55c | 59.5 | 55.6 | 0.23 | 59.3 | 66.3 | 1.30 | 59.2 | 67.9 | 3.74 | 58.8 | 66.1 | 6.40a |
| (15.8) | (16.1) | (16.1) | (12.0) | (16.1) | (13.2) | (16.1) | (15.3) | (16.0) | (15.9) | ||||||
| Hyperactivity | 55.2 | 62.4 | 10.89b | 56.2 | 58.4 | 0.08 | 56.0 | 69.0 | 5.10a | 55.9 | 67.0 | 6.93b | 55.9 | 60.0 | 2.32 |
| (14.8) | (16.1) | (15.2) | (6.8) | (15.2) | (10.1) | (15.0) | (16.6) | (14.9) | (17.6) | ||||||
| Oppositional | 53.7 | 60.1 | 9.52b | 54.6 | 52.5 | 0.09 | 54.5 | 60.1 | 1.05 | 54.3 | 63.1 | 4.62a | 54.2 | 58.5 | 2.76 |
| (14.2) | (15.0) | (14.5) | (4.8) | (14.5) | (12.5) | (14.5) | (11.8) | (14.5) | (14.3) | ||||||
| ADHD Index | 57.0 | 64.8 | 12.93c | 58.1 | 58.7 | 0.01 | 57.9 | 65.1 | 1.51 | 57.7 | 67.9 | 5.68a | 57.5 | 64.0 | 5.70a |
| (15.1) | (14.3) | (15.3) | (8.0) | (15.3) | (9.1) | (15.1) | (14.8) | (15.2) | (14.7) | ||||||
| Total | 57.9 | 66.4 | 13.25c | 59.1 | 58.1 | 0.01 | 58.9 | 69.2 | 2.76 | 58.7 | 69.7 | 5.74a | 58.5 | 64.8 | 4.61a |
| (16.1) | (16.0) | (16.4) | (6.3) | (16.3) | (12.0) | (16.2) | (14.9) | (16.2) | (16.3) | ||||||
| CTRS-R:S | (N = 287) | (N = 38) | (N = 323) | (N = 3) | (N = 321) | (N = 5) | (N = 314) | (N = 12) | (N = 302) | (N = 24) | |||||
| Inattention | 53.0 | 58.0 | 7.01b | 53.6 | 55.6 | 0.10 | 53.6 | 54.5 | 0.04 | 53.5 | 56.7 | 0.98 | 53.1 | 59.9 | 8.55b |
| (10.9) | (11.7) | (11.1) | (13.9) | (11.1) | (13.4) | (11.1) | (10.6) | (10.8) | (13.2) | ||||||
| Hyperactivity | 55.8 | 60.5 | 3.79 | 56.1 | 76.5 | 6.21a | 56.2 | 59.0 | 0.19 | 56.1 | 60.5 | 1.09 | 55.4 | 67.5 | 16.85d |
| (14.2) | (14.2) | (14.0) | (26.3) | (14.2) | (16.1) | (14.2) | (15.1) | (13.5) | (17.9) | ||||||
| Oppositional | 52.6 | 56.0 | 2.14 | 52.7 | 82.0 | 15.40c | 53.0 | 54.7 | 0.09 | 53.0 | 53.7 | 0.03 | 52.3 | 61.5 | 11.32c |
| (12.9) | (14.6) | (12.6) | (33.2) | (13.0) | (19.3) | (13.1) | (14.0) | (11.9) | (22.2) | ||||||
| ADHD Index | 57.2 | 63.4 | 6.19a | 57.7 | 74.0 | 3.72 | 57.9 | 59.7 | 0.08 | 57.6 | 65.0 | 2.98 | 57.1 | 68.2 | 13.42c |
| (14.5) | (14.1) | (14.5) | (15.3) | (14.6) | (14.8) | (14.6) | (14.6) | (14.1) | (16.8) | ||||||
| Total | 57.5 | 62.7 | 4.35a | 57.9 | 70.7 | 2.31 | 58.0 | 62.5 | 0.48 | 57.8 | 46.4 | 2.44 | 57.2 | 68.3 | 13.53c |
| (14.5) | (13.1) | (14.5) | (9.1) | (14.4) | (18.6) | (14.5) | (13.0) | (14.0) | (16.3) | ||||||
Data are presented as mean ± SD. ADHD refers to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; CPRS-R:S, the Chinese version of the Conners parent rating scale-revised: short form; CTRS-R:S, the Chinese version of the Conners teacher rating scale-revised: short from.
P value: a for P < 0.05, b for P < 0.01, c for P < 0.001, d for P < 0.0001