Table 3.
Patient's characteristic and clinical outcomea
| Characteristic | AKI (n = 36) | Early AKIb (n = 16) | Late AKI (n = 20) | Non-AKI (n = 54) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 68.31 ± 2.30 | 65.41 ± 4.16 | 70.64 ± 2.45 | 60.39 ± 1.98 |
| Gender (male/female) | 23/13 | 9/7 | 14/6 | 38/16 |
| Scr (mg/dl) | ||||
| baseline (pre-OP) | 1.06 ± 0.06 | 1.10 ± 0.11 | 1.02 ± 0.05 | 1.02 ± 0.04 |
| post-OP (immediately) | 0.99 ± 0.05d | 1.09 ± 0.10d | 0.93 ± 0.05 | 0.84 ± 0.04 |
| post-OP day 1 | 1.28 ± 0.08c | 1.59 ± 0.13ce | 1.04 ± 0.05 | 0.91 ± 0.04 |
| post-OP day 2 | 1.51 ± 0.10c | 1.66 ± 0.19c | 1.40 ± 0.08c | 0.92 ± 0.04 |
| post-OP day 3 | 1.52 ± 0.11c | 1.55 ± 0.21c | 1.50 ± 0.10c | 0.91 ± 0.05 |
| post-OP day 4 | 1.54 ± 0.14c | 1.50 ± 0.21c | 1.57 ± 0.21c | 0.93 ± 0.05 |
| post-OP day 5 | 1.57 ± 0.19c | 1.39 ± 0.21d | 1.76 ± 0.32c | 0.92 ± 0.06 |
| Delta Scr change (%) | ||||
| post-OP (immediately) | −7.94 ± 2.60d | −5.71 ± 4.41d | −9.50 ± 3.20d | −17.41 ± 2.07 |
| post-OP day 1 | 22.78 ± 4.95c | 49.38 ± 4.70ce | 1.50 ± 3.72d | −10.37 ± 2.27 |
| post-OP day 2 | 45.83 ± 5.54c | 56.25 ± 10.04c | 37.50 ± 5.47c | −11.30 ± 2.48 |
| post-OP day 3 | 44.24 ± 6.51c | 44.67 ± 10.59c | 43.89 ± 8.33c | −11.60 ± 3.11 |
| post-OP day 4 | 46.56 ± 11.06c | 40.00 ± 10.69c | 52.35 ± 18.80c | −15.20 ± 4.09 |
| post-OP day 5 | 48.89 ± 15.69c | 31.43 ± 10.73c | 67.69 ± 30.28c | −14.58 ± 4.26 |
| Mean duration of AKI (days) | 3.31 ± 0.40 | 4.13 ± 0.64 | 2.65 ± 0.46 | NA |
| Type of heart operation | ||||
| CABG-CPB | 6 | 3 | 3 | 11 |
| OPCABG | 4 | 3 | 1 | 7 |
| single valve | 10 | 4 | 6 | 18 |
| multiple valve | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| CABG + valve | 11 | 3 | 8 | 4 |
| aneurysm (or aneurysm + valve) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 |
| other | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
| Intraoperative | ||||
| number of patients with CPB | 31 (86%) | 12 (75%) | 19 (95%) | 47 (87%) |
| CPB (min) | 147.1 ± 11.6d | 151.7 ± 21.1d | 144.3 ± 13.9d | 113.9 ± 6.7 |
| aortic cross clamp time (min) | 92.2 ± 6.3 | 100.4 ± 12.6 | 86.8 ± 6.4 | 79.6 ± 5.0 |
| Postoperative | ||||
| ICU-free days within 30 d | 23.7 ± 1.4c | 21.3 ± 2.7c | 25.6 ± 1.2d | 27.8 ± 0.3 |
| hospital-free days within 30 d | 15.5 ± 1.6c | 14.2 ± 2.5c | 16.6 ± 2.0d | 21.5 ± 0.9 |
| renal replacement therapy | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| mortality | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
a
Values are means (±SEM).
b
Early AKI, development of AKI within first 24 h after operation; Late AKI, development of AKI between 24 and 72 h after operation; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; CABG-CPB, coronary artery bypass grafting with CPG; OPCABG, off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting; ICU, intensive care unit; Scr, serum creatinine concentration; Delta Scr change, % change in Scr from baseline.
c
P < 0.005 versus non-AKI.
d
P < 0.05 versus non-AKI.
e
P < 0.005 versus late AKI.