Table 1.
Characteristics of patients who had prehospitalization eGFR <45 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and did and did not experience superimposed dialysis-requiring ARF during hospitalizationa
| Characteristic | Patients Who Had CKD and Experienced Superimposed ARF (n = 1061) | Patients Who Had CKD and Did not Experience Superimposed ARF (n = 38,744) |
|---|---|---|
| Age at hospitalization (yr; mean ± SD) | 66.6 ± 13.5 | 73.5 ± 12.9 |
| Women (n [%]) | 460 (43.4) | 22,915 (59.1) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| white/European | 611 (57.6) | 28,570 (73.7) |
| black/African American | 156 (14.7) | 2923 (7.5) |
| Hispanic | 104 (9.8) | 1856 (4.8) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 117 (11.0) | 2987 (7.7) |
| Native American | 10 (0.9) | 288 (0.7) |
| mixed or unknown | 63 (5.9) | 2120 (5.5) |
| Selected medical history (n [%]) | ||
| diabetes | 614 (57.9) | 10,517 (27.1) |
| diagnosed hypertension | 864 (81.4) | 26,993 (69.7) |
| known proteinuria | 749 (70.6) | 11,475 (29.6) |
| coronary heart disease | 532 (50.1) | 10,622 (27.4) |
| stroke or transient ischemic attack | 273 (25.7) | 6728 (17.4) |
| peripheral artery disease | 363 (34.2) | 5045 (13.0) |
| chronic heart failure | 603 (56.8) | 8414 (21.7) |
| dyslipidemia | 576 (54.3) | 13,602 (35.1) |
| chronic lung disease | 399 (37.6) | 10,059 (26.0) |
| chronic liver disease | 45 (4.2) | 816 (2.1) |
| cancer | 165 (15.6) | 6010 (15.5) |
| hypoalbuminemia | 628 (59.2) | 4990 (12.9) |
| diagnosed dementia | 31 (2.9) | 2447 (6.3) |
| Reasons for hospitalization (n [%]) | ||
| cardiovascular | 371 (35.0) | 8607 (22.2) |
| respiratory | 73 (6.9) | 2325 (6.0) |
| gastrointestinal | 40 (3.8) | 3687 (9.5) |
| infectious disease | 70 (6.6) | 965 (2.5) |
| cancer | 29 (2.7) | 2872 (7.4) |
| Laboratory test before index hospitalization | ||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl; mean ± SD) | 3.31 ± 1.67 | 2.11 ± 1.42 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2; n [%]) | ||
| 30 to 44 | 294 (27.7) | 28,434 (73.4) |
| 15 to 19 | 476 (44.9) | 7763 (20.0) |
| <15 | 291 (27.4) | 2547 (6.6) |
a
P < 0.05 for all comparisons except for “cancer” medical history and “respiratory” reason for hospitalization. ARF, acute renal failure; eGFR, estimated GFR.