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Schematic representation of the protocol of glycerol induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or MSC-derived microvesicles (MVs). Glycerol was injected intramuscularly at time 0; the arrow at day 3 indicate the administration of 75,000 MSCs; or 15 μg of MSC-derived MVs; or MSC-derived MVs treated with RNase, trypsin, or sHA; or fibroblast-derived MVs; or vehicle alone; the subsequent arrows indicate the time of sacrifice.
