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. 2009 Apr 2;4:4. doi: 10.1186/1747-597X-4-4

Table 4.

Two part model of the quantity of cigarettes smoked in a month

Part 1: P(nb cig > 0)
N = 721
Part 2: log(nb cig)
N = 245
Variable OR β/σ exp(β) β/σ
Academic discipline (ref = sociology)
• English as a foreign language 1.0318 0.09
• Medicine - 0.4828 -3.25 **
• Nursing 0.6809 -2.16
Perceived approval of regular smoking by friends (ref = strong disapproval)
• Approval 4.5358 5.08 *** 2.9571 3.41 **
• Disapproval 1.6844 2.13 * 2.4925 6.28 ***
Perceived proportion of friends smoking (ref = none)
• <33% 1.2195 0.52
• Half 3.4953 3.13 ** -
• >66% 2.6591 2.61 **
Smoke discomfort in university (ref = never)
• Seldom 0.4227 -2.15 * 0.6747 -2.33 *
• Sometimes 0.2606 -3.18 ** 0.2849 -4.45 **
• Often 0.1572 -3.19 ** 0.1264 -4.29 **
Position about smoke-free universities (ref = against)
• Indifferent 0.2288 -2.62 ** 0.5718 -2.98 *
• Mostly for 0.1506 -3.99 *** 0.5687 -1.99
• Totally for 0.0756 -6.54 *** 0.4794 -3.52 **
Tobacco perception score (high scores = positive perceptions) 1.1635 3.63 *** -
Beliefs about tobacco industry score (high scores = negative beliefs) - 1.0342 2.26 *
Binge drinking (ref = no)
• Occasional (< 4 times/month) 2.9303 2.54 * -
• Weekly (≥ 4 times/month) 1.3186 0.39
Cannabis use (ref = no use)
• Occasional (≤ 1/week) 3.4140 3.62 *** -
• Regular (> 1/week) 8.2666 2.13 *
Gender (ref = male) 2.7103 2.80 ** -
Age - 1.0366 3.13 *
Constant (exponentiated) 0.2899 -1.40 30.9910 8.22 ***
Duan's smearing estimator Not applicable 2.2494 Not applicable

*** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.010; * p < 0.050

Notes: Only independent variables with a bootstrap-estimated, backward selection inclusion probability ≥ 80% were included in each part of the model; - = variable not included; OR = odds ratio; β/SE = Wald test statistic (β = regression coefficient, σ = standard error of the coefficient). Part 1 models the probability of being a smoker using logistic regression, part 2 models the log-number of cigarettes smoked in a month by smokers using linear regression.