Group data show overall ongoing firing rate of the three different RVM cell classes, ON-cells, OFF-cells and NEUTRAL cells, over time. These cells were held successfully in a subset of the animals shown in Figure 3. Microinjection of bicuculline in DMH (10 pmol/100 nl) at arrow. (*p < 0.05, Friedman’s analysis of variance by ranks with critical value determined for individual comparisons of 9 post-injection time points to mean baseline. ON-cells: Fr(9) = 37.2, p < 0.0001; OFF-cells: Fr (9) = 56.5, p < 0.0001; NEUTRAL cells: Fr (9) = 23.5, p = 0.005)