Table 1.
FDA-approved drugs with presumed anti-angiogenic mechanisms
| Category | Drug name | Target/mechanism | Cancer indications | Current clinical trialsa |
References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase (no.) | Tumor or histology | |||||
| Monoclonal antibodies | Bevacizumab (Avastin) | VEGF | mCRC, NSCLC | I (58); II (336); III (51); IV (5) |
Numerous | [271–274] |
| Cetuximab (Erbitux) | EGFR | mCRC, H & N | I (3); II (18); III (4) IV (1) |
H & N, RCC, lung, pancreas, CRC, glioma |
[275, 276] | |
| Panitumumab (Vectibix) |
EGFR | mCRC | II (2); III (1) | CRC, lung | [277, 278] | |
| Trastuzumab (Herceptin) |
EGFR, HER-2 | Breast Cancer | I (3); II (8); III (2) |
Breast, endometrial, gastric, lung, ovarian |
[279] | |
| Small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
Erlotinib (Tarceva) | EGFR | NSCLC, Pancreatic Cancer | I (16); II (44); III (4) |
Numerous | [280, 281] |
| Gefitinib (Iressa) | EGFR | NSCLC | II (3) | Skin, RCC | [282] | |
| Imatinib (Gleevec) | bcr/abl, c-kit, PDGFR |
CML, GIST | I (5); II (15); III (9); IV (1) |
GIST, leukemia, melanoma, lung, prostate, liposarcoma |
[283, 284] | |
| Lapatinib (Tykerb) | EGFR, HER-2 | Breast Cancer | I (1); II (1) | Breast, solid tumors | [285] | |
| Sorafenib (Nexavar) | VEGFR-2, -3, PDGFR-ß, Raf-1, |
RCC | I (3); II (9); III (3) |
GIST, melanoma, fallopian ovarian, RCC |
[271] | |
| Sunitinib (Sutent) | VEGFR-2, PDGFR-ß | GIST, RCC | I (27); II (85); III (17) |
Numerous | [286, 287] | |
| Other agents with anti- angiogenic properties |
Bortezomib (Velcade) | Proteosome Inhibitor | MM, Mantle Cell Lymphoma | I (7); II (16); III (6) |
MM, lung, pancreas, RCC, lymphoma |
[288, 289] |
| Interferon Alfa-2b (Roferon A, Intron A) |
Inhibits angiogenic factor expression |
Hairy cell leukemia, CML, NHL, Melanoma, Kaposi’s Sarcoma, |
I (36); II (126); III (52); IV (3) |
Numerous | [290, 291] | |
| Temsirolimus (Torisel) | mTOR inhibitor | RCC | I (22); II (36); III (4) |
Numerous | [287, 292] | |
| Thalidomide (Thalomid) |
Unknown | MM | I (29); II (149); III (39) |
Numerous | [293] | |
| Lenalidomide (Revlamid) |
Unknown | MM | I (9); II (19); III (5) |
Numerous | [294] | |
mCRC Metastatic colorectal cancer, NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer, H & N head and neck cancer, CML chronic myelogenous leukemia, GIST gastrointestinal stromal tumor, RCC renal cell carcinoma, MM multiple myeloma, NHL non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma