Table 4.

Summary of imaging reviewed

Modality	Examples of specific methods described	Advantages	Disadvantages
MRI	DCE-MRI, antibody contrast agents (αvβ3  integrin, E-selectin)	Excellent anatomic information and spatial resolution; highly  sensitive; multiple types of low-toxicity contrast; no radiation  exposure	Expensive; motion effects; lack of targeted probes; longer  procedure time
CT	Functional CT	Excellent anatomical information and spatial resolution; simple  quantitation; direct proportion of contrast	Recurrent ionizing radiation exposure; contrast agent toxicity;  lack of targeted probes
PET	FDG, [18]F-FMISO, [15]O H2O, [15]O  CO, radiolabeled peptides	Whole body imaging; direct proportion to contrast; high  sensitivity; high throughput; ability to use multiple tracers	Expensive with limited availability; limited spatial resolution;  lack of anatomical information; short radionuclide half-life limited penetration; interoperator variability; lack of targeted  probes
Ultrasound	Color Doppler; power Doppler;  microbubbles; antibody contrast agents  (αvβ3 integrin)	Sensitive applications; anatomical imaging; inexpensive and  widely available; portable;
Optical  imaging	Near infra-red	Highly sensitive; inexpensive; portable	Poor tissue penetration allowing for superficial sites only; lack  of anatomical information; technology still in early  development