Table 1.

Biofluid and sample preparation requirements

Biofluid	Required sampling handling
Urine	Add deuterated phosphate buffer to 0.2-0.4 mL urine
Blood/plasma/serum	For 0.5 mL of heparinized blood product
	—Add deuterium oxide (to lock)
	—Add acetonitrile (for protein precipitation)
	—Add methanol/chloroform extraction (for lipid extraction)
CSF	Add deuterium oxide to 0.5 mL of CSF
EPS	Add deuterium oxide to 0.03-0.10 mL of EPS
Bile	Add deuterium methanol to 0.5 mL of bile
BALF	Add deuterium oxide to 0.5 mL of BALF
Tissue	—Add 0.01 mL of deuterium oxide to 3-10 g of tissue in MAS rotor
	—Add perchloric acid extraction on 20-200 g frozen tissue
	—Add methanol/chloroform extraction to 20-200 g frozen tissue

NOTE: Adapted from ref. 13.

Abbreviations: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; EPS, expressed prostatic secretions; BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; MAS, magic angle spinning.