Table 3.

Group comparison of brain regions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), typical development (TD), and delayed development (DD).

	Group Comparisonsa	ANCOVA (age & sex)	ANCOVA (age, sex, cerebral vol.	ANCOVA (age, sex, cerebellum vol.)
Total Vermis		F(2,80) = 12.8,	F(2,79) = 15.0,	F(2,79) = 10.1,
		p < .0001	p < .0001	p < .0001
	ASD vs. TD	p = .064	p = .001	p < .001
	ASD vs. DD	p < .001	p = .010	p = .879
	TD vs. DD	p < .001	p < .001	p = .004
Vermis I-V		F(2,80) = 11.1,	F(2,79) = 12.8,	F(2,79) = 8.7,
		p < .0001	p < .0001	p < .0001
	ASD vs. TD	p = .096	p = .003	p < .001
	ASD vs. DD	p = .001	p = .018	p = .861
	TD vs. DD	p < .001	p < .001	p = .014
Vermis VI-VII		F(2,80) = 7.7,	F(2,79) = 9.4,	F(2,79) = 6.3,
		p = .001	p < .0001	p = .003
	ASD vs. TD	p = .020	p = .001	p = .001
	ASD vs. DD	p = .032	p = .023	p = .946
	TD vs. DD	p < .001	p < .001	p = .030
Vermis VIII-X		F(2,80) = 8.0,	F(2,79) = 7.0,	F(2,79) = 2.1,
		p = .001	p = .002	p = .129
	ASD vs. TD	p = .690	p = .179	p = .119
	ASD vs. DD	p = .001	p = .010	p = .527
	TD vs. DD	p < .001	p < .001	p = .086
Cerebellum		F(2,80) = 14.0,	F(2,79) = 10.8,
		p < .0001	p < .0001
	ASD vs. TD	p = .105	p = .755
	ASD vs. DD	p < .001	p < .001
	TD vs. DD	p < .001	p < .001
Cerebrum		F(2,80) = 6.9,
		p = .002
	ASD vs. TD	p = .003
	ASD vs. DD	p = .004
	TD vs. DD	p = .526

^aPost Hoc adjustment for multiple comparison using least significant differences.