TABLE 3.
Clinical outcomes, based on intention-to-treat analyses1
| Vegan group (n = 49, except as noted) |
Conventional diet group (n = 50, except as noted) |
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| Baseline | Final2 | Change | Baseline | Final2 | Change | Effect size3 | P4 | |
| Weight (kg) | 97.0 ± 3.35 | 92.6 ± 3.5 | −4.4 ± 0.96 | 99.3 ± 3.0 | 96.3 ± 3.2 | −3.0 ± 0.87 | −1.4 (−3.8 to 1.0) | 0.25 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 33.9 ± 1.1 | 32.3 ± 1.2 | −1.6 ± 0.36 | 35.9 ± 1.0 | 34.8 ± 1.1 | −1.1 ± 0.37 | −0.5 (−1.4 to 0.4) | 0.25 |
| Waist (cm) | 110.8 ± 2.6 | 106.6 ± 2.8 | −4.2 ± 1.07 | 112.3 ± 2.1 | 110.5 ± 2.1 | −1.8 ± 0.88 | −2.4 (−4.9 to 0.1) | 0.06 |
| Hip (cm) | 118.4 ± 2.5 | 115.0 ± 2.6 | −3.4 ± 0.76 | 121.3 ± 1.8 | 119.0 ± 1.8 | −2.3 ± 0.79 | −1.1 (−3.0 to 0.8) | 0.24 |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.94 ± 0.01 | 0.93 ± 0.01 | −0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.93 ± 0.01 | 0.93 ± 0.01 | 0.00 ± 0.01 | −0.01 (−0.03 to 0.00) | 0.15 |
| Hb A1c last available value (%) | 8.05 ± 0.16 | 7.71 ± 0.19 | −0.34 ± 0.19 | 7.93 ± 0.14 | 7.79 ± 0.18 | −0.14 ± 0.17 | −0.20 (−0.71 to 0.30) | 0.43 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 163.5 ± (7.6 | 144.0 ± 7.7) | −19.5 ± 7.19 | 160.4 ± 5.8 | 146.4 ± 8.03 | −14.0 ± 8.2 | −5.5 (−27.1 to 16.0) | 0.61 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 187.0 ± 5.3 | 165.5 ± 4.5 | −21.6 ± 4.26 | 198.9 ± 6.2 | 184.1 ± 5.5 | −14.8 ± 5.19 | −6.8 (−19.9 to 6.4) | 0.31 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 134.7 ± 5.6 | 113.1 ± 4.5 | −21.6 ± 4.26 | 149.0 ± 6.2 | 135.5 ± 5.5 | −13.5 ± 5.18 | −8.1 (−21.3 to 5.1) | 0.23 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL; n = 49 conventional) | 104.4 ± 4.7 | 90.9 ± 4.4 | −13.5 ± 4.39 | 117.7 ± 5.9 | 108.3 ± 5.4 | −9.4 ± 4.58 | −4.1 (−16.4 to 8.2) | 0.51 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 52.3 ± 2.8 | 51.3 ± 2.6 | −1.0 ± 1.0 | 49.8 ± 2.1 | 48.6 ± 2.1 | −1.3 ± 1.7 | 0.3 (−3.7 to 4.2) | 0.89 |
| Total cholesterol-to-HDL ratio | 4.0 ± 0.2 | 3.6 ± 0.2 | −0.4 ± 0.17 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | −0.2 ± 0.2 | −0.2 (−0.6 to 0.2) | 0.31 |
| VLDL cholesterol (mg/dL; n = 47 vegan, n = 47 conventional) | 26.2 ± 2.1 | 21.6 ± 1.6 | −4.5 ± 1.39 | 26.8 ± 2.0 | 22.9 ± 1.4 | −3.9 ± 1.9 | −0.7 (−5.3 to 0.1) | 0.77 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 148.1 ± 16.1 | 114.2 ± 9.7 | −33.9 ± 12.78 | 158.1 ± 18.8 | 150.3 ± 28.8 | −7.8 ± 28.9 | −26.1 (−89.2 to 37.0) | 0.41 |
| Log triglycerides | 2.08 ± 0.04 | 1.99 ± 0.03 | −0.09 ± 0.039 | 2.12 ± 0.03 | 2.07 ± 0.04 | −0.05 ± 0.03 | −0.04 (−0.12 to 0.05) | 0.37 |
| Urinary albumin/24 h (mg) | 33.0 ± 7.4 | 20.2 ± 4.6 | −12.8 ± 7.0 | 55.0 ± 37.2 | 69.5 ± 47.2 | 14.6 ± 12.0 | −27.4 (−55.1 to 0.3) | 0.05 |
| Log albumin/24 h | 1.17 ± 0.07 | 1.04 ± 0.06 | −0.13 ± 0.058 | 1.09 ± 0.07 | 1.05 ± 0.08 | −0.04 ± 0.05 | −0.09 (−0.22 to 0.04) | 0.18 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 4.6 ± 0.8 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | −1.9 ± 0.69 | 6.9 ± 1.4 | 4.5 ± 0.9 | −2.4 ± 0.89 | −5.0 (−1.5 to 2.5) | 0.65 |
| Blood pressure, systolic (mm Hg; n = 48 vegan)10 | 123.8 ± 2.5 | 123.8 ± 2.4 | −0.0 ± 2.0 | 122.9 ± 2.1 | 126.6 ± 2.4 | 3.7 ± 1.9 | −3.7 (−9.2 to 1.8) | 0.19 |
| Blood pressure, diastolic (mm Hg; n = 48 vegan)10 | 77.9 ± 1.6 | 74.0 ± 1.4 | −3.9 ± 1.39 | 80.0 ± 1.5 | 77.3 ± 1.5 | −2.7 ± 1.18 | −1.2 (−4.6 to 2.2) | 0.48 |
Hb A1c, glycated hemoglobin. To convert HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol to SI units (mmol/L), multiply by 0.0259; to convert triglycerides to SI units (mmol/L), multiply by 0.0113.
Final values are last available values, based on intention-to-treat analyses.
Values in this column represent differences between the mean change scores of the vegan group and those of the conventional diet group; 95% CIs in parentheses.
Refers to t tests for between-group (vegan compared with conventional) comparisons of changes from baseline to final values.
Mean ± SE (all such values).
Significantly different from baseline (within-group t test comparison): 6P < 0.0001, 7P < 0.001, 8P < 0.05, 9P < 0.01.
Blood pressure was not determined for one participant in the vegan group because of equipment failure.