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. 2009 Apr 1;89(5):1686S–1692S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736X

TABLE 3.

Estimated means for selected variables affecting serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations by vegetarian status, adjusted for differences in age and sex

Non-Hispanic white
 Black
n Estimated mean SE P1 n Estimated mean SE P1
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (nmol/L)2 0.87 199 0.77
 Vegetarian3 98 76.76 2.62 52 48.65 3.98
 Partial vegetarian4 35 77.25 4.36 31 52.63 5.08
 Nonvegetarian5 96 78.64 2.65 116 51.51 2.78
Dietary vitamin D intake (IU)6 0.005 172 0.32
 Vegetarian3 93 119.46 10.0 43 150.56 15.2
 Partial vegetarian4 34 143.12 16.4 26 114.66 19.2
 Nonvegetarian5 88 165.32 10.0 103 135.77 10.0
Supplemental vitamin D intake (IU)7 0.91 181 0.21
 Vegetarian3 94 227.39 32.4 48 257.51 44.0
 Partial vegetarian4 34 208.99 53.6 29 148.92 55.6
 Nonvegetarian5 91 236.14 32.8 104 180.18 31.2
Total vitamin D intake (IU)8 0.51 161 0.38
 Vegetarian3 93 350.60 34.0 39 375.06 51.6
 Partial vegetarian4 34 351.97 56.0 26 265.55 62.8
 Nonvegetarian5 88 402.90 34.8 96 327.46 34.4
Time spent in the sun (min/d) 0.30 170 0.97
 Vegetarian3 87 88.48 8.35 44 101.93 13.07
 Partial vegetarian4 32 113.31 13.68 25 103.35 16.80
 Nonvegetarian5 83 93.86 8.53 101 105.41 8.79
Percentage of body exposed to sunshine9 0.11 195 0.43
 Vegetarian3 90 8.36 0.68 51 8.79 1.01
 Partial vegetarian4 32 10.69 1.14 31 7.15 1.27
 Nonvegetarian5 86 9.96 0.70 113 8.95 0.70
Exposure factor10 0.04 170 0.50
 Vegetarian3 87 791.70 125.43 44 1220.07 230.07
 Partial vegetarian4 32 1413.24 205.46 25 804.17 295.65
 Nonvegetarian5 83 973.95 128.05 101 1130.93 154.63
1

Determined by using ANOVA. The means are estimated for a population with mean age and equal numbers of males and females

2

Assayed by 2-step radioimmunoassay procedure (DiaSorin, Stillwater, MN).

3

Ate meat or fish <1 time/mo.

4

Ate meat and fish <1 time/wk, or ate meat <1 time/mo and fish ≥1 time/mo.

5

Ate meat and fish totaling ≥1 time/wk.

6

Adventist Health Study-2 food-frequency questionnaire collected within 1–3 mo of blood sample. Calorie adjusted by residual method (7).

7

Adventist Health Study-2 food-frequency questionnaire collected within 1–3 mo of blood sample.

8

Sum of the population mean dietary, energy-adjusted residual, and supplemental intakes.

9

According to Wachtel's burn chart (9). Modified because only one side of body faces sun at any one time.

10

Product of time in the sun and percentage of body exposed to sunshine.