Table 4.

Results of More Structured Data Collection: Grantees' Reports on Evidence-Informed Factors That Could Influence Implementation^*

Implementation Success Factor	Original Grants (n=39)†	Challenge and PIPS Grants (n=21)†
A. Organizational infrastructure scales
Degree to which the following elements are in place	Percent Reporting Score of 4 or 5‡
1. A patient safety culture	9	45
2. An effective data system	46	42
3. A culture of excellence (quality improvement)	42	65
The existence of	Scale Average (Scale Maximum)
4. Patient safety standards	2.1 (of 3)	2.7 (of 3)
5. Incentives for safety improvement efforts	1.3 (of 3)	1.9 (of 3)
B. Planning and implementation scales
	Scale Average (Scale Maximum)
1. The degree of leadership's involvement in the project	3.4 (of 10)	3.6 (of 10)
2. Whether or not organizations' leadership provided autonomy and adequate resources to support project	2.3 (of 3)	2.9 (of 3)
3. Whether or not project's financial resources are sufficient	1.3 (of 2)	1.5 (of 2)
4. Types of stakeholders on the project team	Percent Having Stakeholder on Team
Senior management	66	61
Mid-level management	91	90
Physicians	89	90
Nurses	86	86
Patients	16	19
Community representatives	38	14
Information technology	71	71
Legal	44	19
5. Extent to which the project team has	Percent Reporting Score of 4 or 5‡
Defined a strategy and plan for the project	88	95
Persevered in implementing the project	97	100
Collaborated effectively across disciplines	91	100
Felt empowered by the organization's leadership	81	95
6. Degree of end-user involvement	28	33
7. Extent to which data will be used for monitoring performance outcomes	70	95

^*Factors identified in a review of the literature as important for project implementation and sustainability.

^†We did not attempt to examine whether these differences were significant, given the small sample sizes, so statistically significant differences cannot be noted.

^‡Response scale is 1=not at all to 5=a great deal.

PIPS, Partnerships in Patient Safety projects.