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Nishimura-Mochida histological grading system of disc degeneration
| Grade 0: normal structure |
| Grade 1: mildly serpentine appearance of the annulus fibrosus (AF) with rupture |
| Grade 2: moderately serpentine appearance of the AF with rupture |
| Grade 3: severely serpentine appearance of the AF with mildly reversed contour |
| Grade 4: severely reversed contour |
| Grade 5: indistinct |
