species	female song	latitudea	references
Agelaioides badius	infrequent	S temperateb	Hauber et al. (1999) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Agelaius assimilis	duet with male	tropical	Whittingham et al. (1992, 1997) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Agelaius humeralis	duet with male	tropical	Whittingham et al. (1996) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Agelaius phoeniceus	infrequent	N temperate	Yasukawa & Searcy (1995) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Agelaius tricolor	infrequent	N temperate	Beedy & Hamilton (1999) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Agelaius xanthomus	similar to male	tropical	Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Agelasticus thilius	rare or absent	S temperate	Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Agelasticus xanthophthalmus	similar to male	tropical	Orians & Orians (2000)
Amblycercus holocericeus	duet with male	tropical	Ridgely & Tudor (1989), Howell & Webb (1995) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Amblyramphus holosericeus	infrequent	S temperateb	Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Cacicus cela	infrequent	tropical	Feekes (1981, 1982), Trainer (1989) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Cacicus chrysopterus	duet with male	S temperateb	Stiles & Skutch (1989), Skutch (1996) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Cacicus haemorrhous	rare or absent	tropical	Feekes (1981) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Cacicus solitarius	duet with male	tropical	Ridgely & Tudor (1989) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Cacicus uropygialis	duet with male	tropical	Stiles & Skutch (1989), Skutch (1996) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Chrysomus icterocephalus	rare or absent	tropical	Wiley & Wiley (1980) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Chrysomus ruficapillus	rare or absent	S temperateb	Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Curaeus forbesi	similar to male	tropical	Skutch (1996) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Dives dives	duet with male	tropical	Orians (1983), Stiles & Skutch (1989) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Dives warszewiczi	duet with male	tropical	Orians (1983) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Dolichonyx oryzivorus	rare or absent	N temperate	Martin & Gavin (1995) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Euphagus carolinus	infrequent	N temperate	Avery (1995) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Euphagus cyanocephalus	infrequent	N temperate	Jaramillo & Burke (1999) and Martin (2002)
Gnorimopsar chopi	similar to male	tropicalb	Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Gymnomystax mexicanus	similar to male	tropical	Skutch (1996) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Gymnostinops bifasciatus	rare or absent	tropical	Jaramillo & Burke (1999) and Fraga & Kreft (2007)
Gymnostinops guatimozinus	rare or absent	tropical	Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Gymnostinops montezuma	rare or absent	tropical	Jaramillo & Burke (1999) and Price et al. (2006)
Icterus bullockii	similar to male	N temperate	Miller (1931) and Rising & Williams (1999)
Icterus chrysater	similar to male	tropical	Howell (1972) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Icterus chrysocephalus	duet with male	tropical	Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Icterus croconotus	duet with male	tropical	Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Icterus cucullatus	infrequent	N temperate	Pleasants & Albano (2001)
Icterus galbula	infrequent	N temperate	Beletsky (1982), Rising & Flood (1998) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Icterus graduacauda	similar to male	tropicalb	Flood (1990), Jaramillo & Burke (1999) and Flood et al. (2002)
Icterus icterus	similar to male	tropical	Skutch (1996) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Icterus leucopteryx	similar to male	tropical	Scott (1893) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Icterus mesomelas	duet with male	tropical	Stiles & Skutch (1989) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Icterus parisorum	infrequent	N temperate	Scott (1885), Bent (1958) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Icterus pectoralis	similar to male	tropical	Stiles & Skutch (1989), Skutch (1996) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Icterus pustulatus	similar to male	tropicalb	Jaramillo & Burke (1999) and Price et al. (2008)
Icterus spurius	infrequent	N temperate	Bent (1958), Scharf & Kren (1996) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Macroagelaius imthurni	similar to male	tropical	Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Molothrus aeneus	rare or absent	N temperateb	Lowther (1995), Skutch (1996), Jaramillo & Burke (1999) and Warren (2002)
Molothrus ater	rare or absent	N temperate	Lowther (1993) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Molothrus bonariensis	rare or absent	S temperateb	Skutch (1996), Hauber et al. (1999), Jaramillo & Burke (1999) and Lowther & Post (1999)
Molothrus oryzivorus	rare or absent	tropical	Stiles & Skutch (1989), Skutch (1996) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Molothrus rufoaxillaris	rare or absent	S temperate	Ridgely & Tudor (1989), Skutch (1996), Hauber et al. (1999) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Nesopsar nigerrimus	similar to male	tropical	Wiley & Cruz (1980), Skutch (1996) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Psarocolius angustifrons	rare or absent	tropical	Jaramillo & Burke (1999) and Fraga & Kreft (2007)
Psarocolius atrovirens	rare or absent	tropical	Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Psarocolius decumanus	rare or absent	tropical	Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Psarocolius oseryi	rare or absent	tropical	Ridgely & Tudor (1989) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Psarocolius viridis	rare or absent	tropical	Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Psarocolius wagleri	rare or absent	tropical	Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Quiscalus lugubris	rare or absent	tropical	Ridgely & Tudor (1989)
Quiscalus major	infrequent	N temperate	Post et al. (1996)
Quiscalus mexicanus	rare or absent	N temperateb	Skutch (1996), Jaramillo & Burke (1999) and Johnson & Peer (2001)
Quiscalus nicaraguensis	infrequent	tropical	Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Quiscalus niger	infrequent	tropical	Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Quiscalus quiscula	infrequent	N temperate	Wiley (1976) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Sturnella magna	infrequent	N temperateb	Lanyon (1995) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Sturnella neglecta	rare or absent	N temperate	Lanyon (1994) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus	infrequent	N temperate	Twedt & Crawford (1995) and Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
Xanthopsar flavus	infrequent	S temperate	Jaramillo & Burke (1999) and Fraga (2005)

^aScored based on whether more or less than 80 per cent of breeding range is above or below 23.5° latitude north (N) or south (S), based on range maps in Jaramillo & Burke (1999).

^bSpecies in which less than 80 per cent of breeding range is included in either the tropical or a temperate zone; breeding ranges in these taxa were classified based on the locations of published observations of singing behaviour.